DFN 2111: Marietta Monaghan

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ParthenonBuilding Roof Construction

• DFN 2111 Marietta Monaghan
• Jay Garrell
• Susan Kang
• Aaron Hoopes
• David Dreher

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Background Information

• Built between 447BC 432BC
• Built on top of the previous temple that was
  destroyed as a replacement
• Built for the goddess Athena
• Believed to have been directed by statesman,
  Pericles
• Architects Ictinos, Callicrates, and Phidias

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Architects

• Designer Ictinus
• Designer/Builder Callicrates
• Sculptor/Decorative Phidias

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Details

• Doric
• Fluted columns with no base
• Triglyph metope entablatures
• Masculine styles
• Materials
• Everything except for wooden roof beams
  interior ceilings are marble
• 100,000 tons of marble quarried 11 miles
  northeast of central Athens
• Dimensions
• Measured by the top step of the base, the
  building is 101.34 feet (30.89 meters) wide and
  228.14 feet (69.54 meters) long.
• Periteral columns all around the perimeter
  (wings)
• Octastyle
• 8 columns on East West 17 columns on North
  South
• Interior spaces
• Ionic Columns
• Pronaos
• Double Cella
• Smaller west cella with 4 columns
• Larger east cella with 9 columns along the sides
  and 5 columns along the back
• Housed the large Athena statue

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Optical Illusions

• None of the horizontal lines are absolutely
  straight
• Four sides of the foundation have a slight upward
  curve in the center
• Columns slightly swell outwards as if straining
  under heavy weight
• Every column leans in ever so slightly
• If corner columns were to continue, they would
  meet 1 ½ miles above the Earth
• Surfaces sanded to hide imperfections

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Roof

• Marble tiles
• Uniquely thin tiles (3cm thick) appear almost
  translucent
• Laconian style roof with concave tegula (pan)
  tiles and convex imbricle (cover) tiles
• Wood Beams
• Antefixes
• Placed between alternate rows of roof tiles to
  hide appearance of clutter along the roof

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Construction

• Use of pulleys and wooden cranes
• Used to haul and lift marble blocks
• Naval technology Athenians were the greatest
  naval power in the Aegean
• Oxen were used to bring marble slabs to site
• Hauled up the side of the Acropolis by rolling on
  top of logs

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