Gulf Coast Carbon Center Industry-Academic Research Partnership

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Gulf Coast Carbon CenterIndustry-Academic
Research Partnership
Assessment of options for carbon capture and
sequestration in an area of large sources and
large geologic capacity
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Geologic Sequestration Emplaces Dense-Phase CO2
in Pore Systems in Rock
CO2 injected at pressure into pore space at
depths below and isolated (sequestered) from
potable water.
Carbon extracted from a coal or other fossil fuel
CO2 stored in pore space over geologically signif
icant time frames.
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Who is the Gulf Coast Carbon Center?
Hosted by
Industry Sponsors
Staff
New Members Sempra, Shell, TXU Fayette Power
Plant (LCRA/Austin Energy)
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Gulf Coast Carbon Center Collaborations

• DOE funded Southeast Regional Carbon
  Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) led by
  Southern States Energy Board
• 4.9 M Phase II Stacked Storage EORBrine
  storage
• 35M early demonstration with Denbury Resources
  Cranfield Mississippi
• Sponsored projects SE US power companies
• DOE funded Southwest Regional Carbon
  Sequestration Partnership (SWCARB) led by New
  Mexico Tech
• Project at SACROC hosted by KinderMorgen

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GCCC Strategic Plan 2007-2010
Goal 1 To educate the next generation of carbon
management professionals and regulators Goal 2
To develop selection criteria for commercial CO2
sequestration sites Goal 3 To define an adequate
and reliable monitoring and verification strategy
applicable to long term storage Goal 4
Evaluation of sources risk and liability
potentially associated with CO2
sequestration Goal 5 Evaluation of economic
potential of CO2 to enhance oil and gas recovery
in the Gulf Coast Goal 6 Development of market
framework and economic models for CO2 capture and
storage in the Gulf Coast Goal 7 GCCC service
and training to partners
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Goal 1 Educate the Next Generation of Carbon
Management Professionals and Regulators

• Support from Jackson School of Geosciences
• Student training
• Post-doc program
• Internships and visiting scientists
• Rebekah Lee - Oxford University public
  acceptance survey

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Goal 2 Develop Selection Criteria for Commercial
CO2 Sequestration Sites
Vanessa Nunez and Mark Holtz
Objective 2.1 Guidance Manual

• Create a rigorous, comprehensive manual with
  pragmatic guidance in non-technical language on
  best practices for selecting a geologic
  sequestration site in brine-bearing formations
  (saline aquifers).
• Guidance derived in part from assessments of
  sites for Texas FutureGen two successful sites
  selected.

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Objective 2.2 Reduce current uncertainty in
estimates of the capacity of brine formations for
CO2 storage
Storage in coal

• Participation in DOE Regional Carbon
  Sequestration National Atlas
• www.natcarb.org

Storage in brine
Development of advanced methods for capacity
assessment
Storage in oil and gas
JeanPhillipe Nicot and Srivatsan Lakasminisarihan
Rebecca Smyth
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Options for Estimating Capacity

• Volumetric approach Total pore volume x
  Efficiency factor (E)
• Free CO2 volume in structural and stratigraphic
  traps
• Trapped CO2 residual phase
• Volume dissolved
• Volume that can be stored beneath an area
  constrained by surface uses or by other
  unacceptable risks well fields, faults
• Maximum pressure as a limit on capacity
• Displaced water as a limit on capacity

Volumetric
Risk-based
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Effect of Depth of Formation in Storage Capacity
Volume injected/pore volume

• Increased capacity with depth of formation almost
  entirely due to higher safe injection pressure

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Goal 3 Define an Adequate and Reliable
Monitoring and Verification Strategy Applicable
to Long Term Storage

• Objective 3.1 Evaluate existing approaches for
  monitoring and verification of CO2 storage in
  brine formations by assessing sensitivity,
  accuracy and precision of tools relative to
  plausible leakage signals.
• Objective 3.2 To Develop and evaluate innovative
  technologies for Early Warning detection of CO2
  leakage
• Objective 3.3 Test an innovative approach to
  monitoring and verification of CO2 storage by
  combining measurements of deformation with
  geomechanical modeling.

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Goal 3 Field Tests of Monitoring and
Verification Technologies
Proposed East Texas FutureGen Site
Field project 2 in process Cranfield
Frio Test Site
SACROC
Proposed West Texas FutureGen Site
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Frio Brine Pilot near Houston TX
Observation well
Injection well
Injection Well
Observation Well
U-tubes
Downhole P and T
30 m
RST logs
Frio Blue Sandstone 15m thick
Tubing hung seismic source and hydrophones
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Early Warning Monitoring Options

• Atmosphere
• Ultimate receptor but dynamic
• Biosphere
• Assurance of no damage but dynamic
• Soil and Vadose Zone
• Integrator but dynamic
• Aquifer and USDW
• Integrator, slightly isolated from ecological
  effects
• Above injection monitoring zone
• First indicator, monitor small signals, stable.
• In injection zone - plume
• Oil-field type technologies. Will not identify
  small leaks
• In injection zone - outside plume
• Assure lateral migration of CO2 and brine is
  acceptable

Atmosphere
Biosphere
Vadose zone soil
Aquifer and USDW
Seal
Monitoring Zone
Seal
CO2 plume
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Assessing Pressure and Tilt
In-house software development for
fault/fracture stability analyses
tip
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Goal 4 Evaluation of Sources Risk and Liability
Potentially Associated with CO2 Sequestration

• Objective 4.1 Write a primer based on literature
  review on risk and liability potentially
  associated with CO2 sequestration in the Gulf
  Coast
• Objective 4.2 To develop a predictive ability to
  evaluate the risk of leakage of a seal for a
  brine formation during and after injection.
• Objective 4.2 Assess the effectiveness of phase
  trapping nonwetting-phase residual saturation in
  lowering leakage risk in long term under various
  injection conditions.
• Objective 4.3 Assess the risk of CO2 storage in
  brine reservoirs to the quality of fresh water
  resources

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Non-wetting Residual Phase Trapping Mechanism
Land surface
Capture
gt 800 m
Injection Zone
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Risk to Underground Sources of Drinking Water
Land surface
Capture
Underground Sources of Drinking Water
gt 800 m
Hypothesized CO2 leak path
Hypothesized Brine leak path
Injection Zone
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Preliminary Analysis of Risk to Drinking Water
from CO2 leakage
Corrine Wong
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Goal 5 Evaluation of Economic Potential of CO2
to Enhance Oil and Gas Recovery in the Gulf Coast

• Objective 5.1 To create more accurate
  predictions of oil-production and CO2 usage for
  CO2 EOR floods in Gulf Coast clastic reservoirs
• Objective 5.2 Quantify the sequestration
  potential and feasibility of enhanced gas
  recovery potential for depleted gas reservoirs in
  Texas.

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Simplified Model Using Dimensionless Groups for
Rapid Assessment of CO2 Flooding and Storage in
Gulf Coast Reservoirs

• Model can be applied to candidate Gulf Coast
  reservoirs in BEG database limited data on many
  reservoirs
• Potential for use by small and big operators
  alike to quickly identify best reservoirs

Derek Wood, Larry Lake
Derek Woods Larry lake
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Improving Economic Assessment (EOR)
Mark Holtz and others
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Decision Tree for Screening Candidate Reservoirs
QAc4748x
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Recovery Efficiency of Sandstone Reservoirs from
Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects (1980s)
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14.5 , Paradis, LA, Texaco
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Frequency
17, Little Creek, MS, Denbury (2004)
Quarantine Bay, LA, Chevron
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Recovery efficiency (percent)
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CO2 sequestration capacity in miscible oil
reservoirs along the Gulf Coast
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Goal 6 Development of Market Framework and
Economic Models for CO2 Capture and Storage in
the Gulf Coast

• Objective 6.1 Provide to the GCCC partners
  scenarios and analysis of the policy options
  under consideration at the State and Federal
  levels.
• Objective 6.2 To model possible evolutionary
  pathways for CO2 pipeline networks in the Gulf
  Coast and their impact on CO2 value chains

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Model possible evolutionary pathways for CO2
pipeline networks in the Gulf Coast and their
impact on CO2 Value Chains
Assessment by Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu Energy
Commission, Ghana
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Goal 7 GCCC Service and Training to Partners

• Training tailored to sponsor requests
• Public materials
• Specific data sets developed for sponsors

Workshop for operators
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Gulf Coast Carbon Center

• www.gulfcoastcarbon.org