Do You Remebmer Sedimentary Rocks

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Do You Remebmer?Sedimentary Rocks

• Chapter 6

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What Are Sediments?

• ______________________
• In order of decreasing size

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Sources of Sediments

• 1. From ________ ________
• 2. From ______ precipitation

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What Happens to Sediments

• 1. ____________ by
• Water.
• Ice.
• Wind.
• Gravity.
• Most sediment is buried and converted to
  sedimentary rock.

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What Happens to Sediments

• 2. _________ by
• Rivers
• Wind
• Glaciers
• Other water
• When the transportation vector has run out of
  energy, the sediments are deposited (dropped).

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____ Sorting- Transporting Depositing
Headwaters
Mouth
Grade change in elevation/length
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Principle of _____ __________
Most sedimentary layers of rock are deposited in
a horizontal position, with older rocks laid down
first
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_________

• Sediment becomes sedimentary rock through
  ________, which involves
• _________
• _________
• Recrystallization (of carbonate sediment)
• Ex sand

Remember that SiO2 is released into groundwater
from the chemical weathering of quartz and
feldspars.
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3 Classes of Sedimentary Rock
_______ - fragments of rock debris produced by
physical weathering. Ex. Sand clay. _______-
sediment precipitates from solution in water. Ex.
Calcium carbonate salt. _______ - sediment
composed of the fossilized remains. Ex. Coal,
oil, natural gas.
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Gravel Clastic Rocks

• If rounded clasts ____________
• If angular clasts __________

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Sand Clastic Rocks

• Different Sandstones based on dominate grains
• quartz grains ________ ____________
• feldspar grains _______
• sand-sized rock fragment grains __________

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Clay Clastic Rocks

• Grains less than 1/256 mm (smooth)
• _____ (if fissile splits)
• ________ (if massive)also called Claystone

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Chemical ________

• From the evaporation of water (usually seawater).
  
• Rock salt - composed of halite (NaCl).
• Rock gypsum - composed of gypsum (CaSO4.2H20)
• Travertine - composed of calcium carbonate
  (CaCO3), and therefore, also technically a
  carbonate rock

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Chemical __________

• Formed through both chemical biochemical
  processes.
• Include the limestones (many types)
• Two minerals are dominant
• Calcite (CaCO3)
• Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)

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Chemical ___________

• Dominated by silica (SiO2).
• From diatoms, radiolarians, or sponges.
• Diatomite - looks like chalk, but doesnt fizz in
  acid. Made of diatoms. Also referred to as
  Diatomaceous Earth.
• Chert - Massive and hard, microcrystalline
  quartz. May be dark or light in color. Often
  replaces limestone. Does not fizz in acid.

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Biogenic (______) Sedimentary Rocks

• Coals
• organic matter (plants).
• Increasing depth of burial (temperature and
  pressure)
• Peat (porous, brownish plant fragments)
• Lignite (crumbly and black)
• Bituminous (dull to shiny and black sooty
  layers may be visible)
• Anthracite (extremely shiny and black low
  density not sooty

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___________ from Sediments

• Large enough to be recognized.
• Ex.- haystack rock, sand dunes, delicate arch,
  balanced rock

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___________ Environments

• Aluvial Fan
• Braided stream
• Lakes
• Rivers
• Levees
• Swamps
• Deserts
• Glacial

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________ Environments

• Seas oceans
• Continental shelf
• Continental slope and rise (deep sea fans)
• Abyssal plain
• Reefs

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____________ Environments

• between the land and the sea.

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• How can sedimentary rock help us learn about the
  past?
• What can sedimentary rock teach us about the past?