Symptomatology

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Symptomatology

• Congenital Diseases Continued

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Topics

• Erythroblastosis Fetalis
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Genitourinary Diseases
• Musculoskeletal Diseases
• Metabolic Factors

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Erythroblastosis Fetalis

• Erythr/o red
• -blast immature
• -osis condition
• Condition of immature red cells

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Remember...

• RBCs carry oxygen
• No nucleus (normally)
• Must be mature to carry on their function
• Destruction of RBCs will billirubin jaundice

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What happens...

• Rh- mother and Rh man have the potential of
  having an Rh baby.
• Rh means you have a special coating on your
  RBCs. It is not abnormal to have it or not to
  have it. IT is part of the ABO blood typing
  system.
• So.

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First Pregnancy

• The Rh- woman with an Rh fetus will have no real
  problems during the first pregnancy but will
  become sensitized to the Rh blood and begin to
  produce antibodies to it.it is foreign to her
  body.

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Second Pregnancy

• She is already sensitized to the Rh blood and
  she has produced antibodies.so her body begins
  to attack the RBCs of her unborn baby..this
  causes problems for the infant...

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Such As...

• Jaundice
• Anemia
• Lethargy
• Petechiae
• Pallor
• Notice the pictureyou see nuclei and detroyed
  RBCs

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What to do.

• Good prenatal care can eliminate the problem
• Blood typing
• Blood transfusions
• Rh Immune globulin

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The infant

• The body cannot keep up with the rate of
  destruction
• It produces large numbers of erythroblasts
• They are immature and cannot do the job
• Erythroblastosis fetalis

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Congenital Heart Defects
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Categorized

• Cyanotic

• Acyanotic

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Acyanotic

• VSD
• ASD
• Coarctation of the aorta
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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Ventricular Septal Defect

• Abnormal opening between the two ventricles.
• Severity is correlated with the size
• No mixing of poorly oxygenated blood with blood
  entering system

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Signs and Symptoms of VSD

• Loud murmur. Blowing sound

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(ASD) Atrial Septal Defect

• Abnormal opening between the atria
• Characterized by a murmur

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Coarctation of the Aorta

• A narrowing of the aortic lumen at the point of
  the defect
• BP increases proximal to the defect and decreases
  distally

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What to expect?

• Increased cardiac workload
• Enlargement of L ventricle
• Kidney damage
• High BP in arms
• Low BP in legs
• ? Aortic aneurysm

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More signs and symptoms

• Dyspnea
• Tachypnea
• HTN
• Claudication

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PDA

• Do we breathe while in utero?
• Yes and No

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What is PDA

• The Ductus Arteriosus bypasses lungs in fetal
  circulation.
• The mother does it all via the placenta
• The DA connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
• It should close (negative pressure) when the
  infant takes its first breathif it doesntPDA

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Signs and Symptoms of PDA

• Thrill
• Murmur
• Respiratory distress

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