Daily TAKS Connection: Changes in DNA

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Daily TAKS ConnectionChanges in DNA

• BIO(6) The student knows that the structures and
  functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of
  genetics. The student is expected to
• (C) Identify and illustrate how changes in DNA
  cause mutations and evaluate the significance of
  these changes.

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Foldable Instructions

• Construct a two tab foldable
• Materials
• Foldable handout
• Scissors
• Pen
• Colored pencils/crayons

• Instructions
• Fold all solid lines
• 1 cm folds should be glued together in the
  appropriate order so that a 4 side-box like
  foldable is produced

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Changes in DNA Notes

• Environmental Factors can Cause Mutations
• UV rays (does not affect gametes)
• Carcinogens (radiation, cigarettes, asbestos)
• Mutations can be beneficial to an organism
  because the change can create an advantage over
  other organisms

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DNA Nucleotides Notes

• Record the following notes on each respective
  page
• DNA is made up of a sequence of NUCLEOTIDES. 1.
  On your notes, circle a nucleotide.
• Any change in the sequence (order) of these
  nucleotides may result in a mutation
• 3 nucleotides code for an amino acid
• Amino acids make up proteins

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Codon Chart Notes
U
U
U
U

• A single base change will code for a different
  amino acid.1) What amino acids are coded for
  the above?2) What if we change one base? What
  amino acids are coded for?

histadine-leucine-histadine
histadine-proline-histadine
This Means a Different Protein will be made!!
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Karyotypes Notes

• A karyotype is a picture of a persons 23
  chromosomes.
• From a karyotype you can determine the following

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Question 1
The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that
normally begins with UAC has been changed so that
the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins
with UAG. Which of the following will most likely
occur? A The protein will be missing the first
amino acid. B The amino acids that make up the
protein will all be different. C The mRNA will
become attached to a ribosome. D The production
of the protein will be stopped.
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Question 2
The diagram above shows chromosomes in a cell
undergoing cell division. If one of the
chromosomes breaks during this process, which of
the following will most likely happen? A
Mutation B Selection C Duplication D Segregation
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Question 3
The diagram shows three generations of cells
produced by a single cell through mitosis. In the
process, a single mutation occurred at the point
indicated. The mutation caused changes within a
dominant allele. How many of the 15 cells contain
the mutation? Record and bubble in your answer
as you would on a griddable item.