Hofstede Cultural Framework

1
Hofstede Cultural Framework

1. Power Distance
2. Individualism vs. Collectivism
3. Masculinity vs. Femininity
4. Uncertainty Avoidance
5. Long Term Orientation

2
Power Distance

• ...the extent to which the less powerful members
  of institutions and organizations within a
  country expect and accept that power is
  distributed unequally.

3
(No Transcript)
4
Power Distance at Work

• Hierarchy
• Centralization
• Salary range
• Participation
• Ideal Boss
• Privilege status symbols

5
Individualism vs. Collectivism

• Individualist societies ties are loose and
  everyone looks out for himself or herself
• Collectivist societies people integrated into
  strong, cohesive groups protection is exchanged
  for loyalty

6
(No Transcript)
7
Individualism / Collectivism at Work

• Employee-employer relationship
• Hiring and promotion decisions
• Managerial focus
• Task vs. relationship priority

8
Masculinity vs. Femininity

• Masculine societies social gender roles are
  distinct (men focus on material success women on
  quality of life)
• Feminine societies social gender roles overlap
  (both quality of life)

9
(No Transcript)
10
Masculinity / Femininity at Work

• Centrality of work
• Ways of managing decision making
• Fem equality, solidarity, quality of work life
• Mas equity, compete, performance
• Conflict resolution

11
Uncertainty Avoidance

• the extent to which the members of a culture
  feel threatened by uncertain or unknown
  situations.
• NOT the same as risk avoidance
• Presence of rules

12
(No Transcript)
13
Uncertainty Avoidance at Work

• Necessity of rules
• Time orientation
• Precision punctuality
• Interpretation of What is different
• Appropriateness of emotional displays

14
Long term orientation Confucian Dynamism

• The newest dimension
• three universal dimensions and two fourth
  dimensions
• Truth vs. Virtue What one believes vs. What one
  does

15
(No Transcript)
16
Confucian Dynamism

• Short-term orientation
• Social pressure to keep up with the Joneses
• small savings
• expect quick results
• concern with possessing Truth

• Long-term orientation
• Thrift being sparing with resources
• large savings
• perseverance toward slow results
• concern with respecting the demands of Virtue

17
(No Transcript)
18
Idiosyncrasies of North American Management Theory

• Stress on Market Processes
• Stress on the Individual
• Stress on Managers rather than Workers