HR61C

1
HR61C

• Sessions 4 -5

2
Dual Interest in Groups

• Content Tasks of the group Objectives being
  pursued
• Process Nature of interactions approach to the
  task

3
Issues in Observing Groups

• Communication
• Leadership
• Influence
• Participation

• Withdrawal
• Facilitating behaviours
• Inhibiting behaviours
• Stages of the groups evolution

4
Variables Affecting Groups

• Formal leadership
• Roles
• Norms
• Status
• Context

• Informal influence
• Size
• Composition
• Cohesiveness
• Member resources

5
Roles Played in Groups

• A role consists of prescribed or expected
  behaviours/ responsibilities associated with each
  member of a group. It is also the way in which an
  individual or a position in a group/ team is
  perceived by the holder and the other members

6
Role Effectiveness

• In the organizational setting effective
  performance of a variety of roles is necessary
  for accomplishment of team objectives.
• Factors which contribute to role effectiveness
  include
• Role Clarity (absence of role ambiguity)
• Role capability
• Role congruence (absence of contradictory
  expectations or incompatible goals
• Absence of role overload or underload

7
Group Roles - Individualistic

• Aggressor
• Blocker
• Recognition-seeker
• Self-confessor

• Playboy
• Dominator
• Help-seeker
• Special interest pleader

8
Team Roles Group Tasks

• Initiator-contributor
• Information seeker
• Opinion seeker
• Information giver
• Opinion giver
• Elaborator

• Co-ordinator
• Orienter
• Evaluator-critic
• Energiser
• Procedural technician
• Recorder

9
Group Maintenance Roles

• Encourager
• Harmoniser
• Compromiser
• Gate keeper Expediter

• Standard setter or ego-ideal
• Group observer and commentator
• Follower

10
Belbins Role Theory

• Following extensive research on management teams,
  Meredith Belbin concluded that successful groups/
  effective teams comprise a range of roles
  undertaken by various members
• Belbins team role concept encompasses
• a pattern of behaviour which characterizes the
  contribution made by the members
• the pattern of interaction achieved by that
  member in making a specific contribution to the
  team

11
Belbins Team Roles
Chairman Co-ordinator
Company Worker
Shaper
Plant
Resource investigator
Specialist
A BALANCED TEAM
Team Worker
Completer Finisher / Implementer
Monitor Evaluator
12
What is a Team

• A team is a highly evolved group noted for
• Collective engagement
• valued outcomes
• Roles and Relationships
• Sharing of resources.

13
Groups vs Teams

• The difference between groups and teams can be
  thought of as a difference in degree of evolution
  from individualism to collectivism from diffusion
  to cohesion

14
GROUPS VS.TEAMS

• Teams have typically proceeded through the stages
  of group development to the stage of maturity
  known as Performing. However this is not a
  static position and the dynamic movement between
  all four stages continues to be likely.

15
GROUPS vs. TEAMS

• As with other groups, teams tend to revert to
  earlier stages of group development as a result
  of
• Changes in composition, roles etc.(including
  leadership)
• Increased task complexity
• Unprecedented challenges
• Loss of cohesion due to emergence of diverse
  opinions, values etc.

16
Summary of Team Characteristics

• Motivation Members are driven by the personal
  and collective desire to achieve the teams goals
• Identity Members are conscious of their
  affiliation to and identification with the team

• Work norms Members are united around agreed
  guidelines for their interactions, relationships
  and output

17
Summary of Team Characteristics

• Communication Members share their ideas and
  feelings freely and listen responsively to the
  ideas and feelings of others
• Conflict There are mechanisms for handling
  differences, diversity is permitted and when
  conflict does arise it is constructively managed

18
Summary of Team Characteristics

• Trust Members believe in each others ability,
  character and integrity
• Sense of common overall purpose which provides
  the basis for commitment and direction

19
Summary of Team Characteristics

• Goal clarity Understanding of the targets to be
  met in order to achieve overall purpose
•   
• Personal Responsibility Members are clear on
  what is required of them and aware of their
  personal and collective accountability

20
Summary of Team Characteristics

• Cohesion There is a high level of bonding among
  members who feel a high level of attraction to
  the group
• Diversity balance in personalities, behavioural
  preferences and role preferences