Solution Chemistry Data Interfacing

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Solution Chemistry Data Interfacing

• Math-Science Partnership Workshop
• Maryville College-Pellissippi State
• July 07-11

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Data Collection and Teaching

• Active Learning Engage Students
• Process the Data on Computers
• Draw Conclusions from Their OWN Data
• Use Computer to Predict Outcome Before Collecting
  Data
• Demonstrate How Modern Research is Done

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Vernier Company

• Founded 1983 by David and Christine Vernier, both
  HS physics teachers
• Started with Apple IIe and game port interfaces
• Created Serial Interfaces in 1990
• Created Lab Pro (USB) in 1998
• Created Go!Link (USB) in 2004
• Created LabQuest Handheld Computer in 2008
• Web Site http//www.vernier.com/

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Data Collection Interfaces
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Lab Quest Interface
Handheld Computer w/ 500MHz processor 3x4 inch
color display with stylus interface 128 Mb
internal memory w/ SD chip for more memory
storage USB port for thumb drives USB port for
printer interface
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Hardware Software Connections
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Go!Link and Light Sensor
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LabPro with Palm Pilot
Lab Pro
Palm Pilot
Temp Probe
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Go!Link and Pressure Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Go!Link
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Comparison of Interfaces
Both the Go-Link and LabPro require a computer
with a USB port and LoggerPro or Logger Lite
software installed. The LabQuest is a stand
alone interface and hand held computer. Data
files can be transferred to a computer as text
files and analyzed using Excel or other
spreadsheet program.
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Logger Lite Software
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LoggerPro Software
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Sensors Available This Week

• pH Probe (79)
• Voltage Probe (12)
• Temp Probe (29)
• Light Sensor (53)
• Motion Sensor (78)
• Pressure Sensor (81)

• Conductivity Probe (93)
• Magnetic Field Sensor (58)
• Colorimeter (114)
• Microphone (39)
• Instrument Amplifier (59)

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Conductivity Probe Information
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Gas Pressure Probe Information
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Vernier Lab Books

• Physical Science with Vernier
• Chemistry with Vernier
• Advanced Chemistry with Vernier
• Forensics with Vernier
• Earth Science with Vernier
• Environmental Science with Vernier
• Water Quality with Vernier

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Workshop Session

• Solution Chemistry Using the Vernier Probes and
  Software
• Inquiry-Based Lab Ideas

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Solution Definitions

• Solution is composed of one or more solutes and a
  solvent. Aqueous solutions have water as the
  solvent.
• Solutes can be ionic (sodium chloride or table
  salt) or covalent (sucrose or table sugar)
  molecules
• If the solute dissociates into ions in the
  solution, the solution will conduct electricity.
  The solutes will be called electrolytes. If a
  covalent solute like sucrose is dissolved, it
  will not conduct electricity and the solute is
  called an non-electrolyte.

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Thermodynamics of Dissolution

• Some substances will dissolve and absorb heat
  from the solvent making the solution colder
  examples include calcium chloride and ammonium
  nitrate. The dissolving equation in endothermic.
• Other substances will create heat when dissolved
  and warm the solution. The dissolving equation
  is exothermic.

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pH of Solutions

• The pH of a solution indicates the amount of
  hydrogen ions (or hydronium ions H3O) in the
  solution.
• The pH can be determined by indicators that turn
  different colors at various pHs. It can also be
  determined using a pH electrode which produces a
  voltage proportional to the concentration of
  hydrogen ions.
• pHs can be from 1.0 to 14.0 with 7.0 being the
  neutral pH.

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Vernier Software Setup

• Detect interface used (Go-Link)
• Detect or set up probe manually
• Set data collection time
• Length of data collection
• Number of data points sampled per unit time
• Range of sensor output
• Two ranges on the light probe
• Three ranges on the conductivity probe

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Data Collection

• For this exercise you will have available a pH
  electrode, a conductivity electrode, and a metal
  temperature probe.
• You will also have several common
  solutions/solutes you might find in your house
• Windex, Vinegar, Ammonia, 3 Hydrogen Peroxide,
  sugar water, salt water, baking soda,
  hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, Coke, dish
  detergent, soil sample, water sample, lemon juice

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Prediction BEFORE Experimentation

• You will have available either a computer with a
  Go-Link Interface and Logger-Lite software or a
  LabQuest handheld.
• You will have a pH electrode and a conductivity
  probe
• For each aqueous solution predict what the pH and
  conductivity will be BEFORE you measure it.
• Use various classroom methods (four corners where
  students will be asked to defend their positions)
  

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Results
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Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

• Measure with temperature probe
• Determine the data collection time

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Reaction of Vinegar with Baking Soda

• CH3COOH NaHCO3 ?
• CO2 H2O CH3COO-1 Na1
• What will happen if you follow the reaction with
  a temperature probe, conductivity probe, or pH
  probe?
• Set up the interface and probes of your choice,
  dissolve baking soda in water. Start with 50 mL
  of vinegar and add the baking soda solution and
  collect the data.

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Results (from Vernier Caliper, 2005)
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What Will Happen When You React Hydrogen Peroxide
with Yeast?

• Start with 40 mL of 3 hydrogen peroxide
• Insert a temperature probe and start collecting
  data for two minutes
• Add one teaspoon of yeast and record the
  temperature change
• What happened at the molecular level?
• How would you classify this process

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pH and Color Indicators

• Many colored vegetables (purple cabbage) contain
  pigments called anthocyanins which change color
  depending upon the pH of the solution
• Commercial chemical indicators can be used to
  cover the range of normal pHs where electrodes
  are not available
• pH paper (or simple litmus paper) is a paper
  strip impregnated with one or more indicators

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Colors and pH Purple Cabbage
acid
base
recipes/howstuffworks.com/ www.cchem.berkeley.edu
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Grocery Store Acids and Bases

• Muriatic Acid (HCl)
• Lye (NaOH)
• Lemon Juice
• Citric Acid
• Aqueous Ammonia
• Vinegar
• Boric Acid
• Borax (sodium borate)

• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
• Milk of Magnesia Mg(OH)2
• Baking Soda (sodium bicarbonate)
• Washing Soda (trisodium phosphate)

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What We Learned?

• Many solution properties can be investigated
  using Vernier probes and interfaces (or by using
  handheld conductivity devices and thermometers)
• The software (LoggerPro or LoggerLite) can be
  used to collect and analyze data that is
  collected BUT students should always predict the
  results before conducting the experiment
• You should always focus the students back to what
  is happening at the molecular level