Leaf Collection

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Leaf Collection

• 7th grade Science
• Plants

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Objective

• Collect and identify up to 20
• different leaves of Northeast
• Wisconsin.

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Identifying Trees

• The first step in tree identification is knowing
  that there are always distinguishing
  characteristics that separate one tree species
  from another.

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What do I look at?

• TREE TYPE --Deciduous or Conifer?  Tree or a
  shrub? Determining these things starts you off on
  your way to tree identification.
• LEAF --Leaves are often the easiest way to
  identify most trees. Are the leaves arranged in
  an opposite or alternate pattern?
• BARK --Bark can be helpful for identifying some
  types of trees. 
• FRUIT --The wide variety of fruit shapes makes
  them useful when identifying trees. 
• TWIG --You can actually tell a lot just by
  looking at the twig. 
• FORM --The way a tree grows can tell you a great
  deal about a tree. 

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Deciduous or Coniferous?
Coniferous
Deciduous
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Deciduous Coniferous

• Deciduous trees lose their leaves before the cold
  or dry season. Before the leaves fall off they
  often turn orange, red, or yellow. But, new
  leaves will appear again in the spring.
  Deciduous trees also always have some type of a
  fruit or pod holding the seed.

• Coniferous trees have small and waxy leaves,
  usually called needles. Most conifers keep their
  leaves all year long. The seed in conifers are
  usually found in a cone of some sort. Scientists
  refers to the seed of conifers as naked seeds
  because they are not enclosed in anything.

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Coniferous Step 1

• After you have decided if your tree is a conifer
  the next step is to look at the leaves (needles).
• Needle shaped or Not needle shaped

White Cedar
Spruce
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ConiferousStep 2

• If the leaves are scaly (not needle shaped) you
  have identified a cedar.
• If the leaves are needle shaped you have to
  determine if they are single, grouped, or
  clustered.

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ConiferousStep 3

• Single needles means you have a spruce, fir, or
  hemlock!
• Flat needles or
  Angled needles

Spruce
Fir
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ConiferousStep 4

• Grouped needles are Pine trees!
• White Pine 5 needles per group
• Red Pine 2 long needles per group
• Jack Pine 2 short and twisted needles per group

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ConiferousStep 5

• Clustered needles are the conifers that lose
  their leaves during the cold and dry months.
  Tamaracks and larches are good examples of
  deciduous conifers.

Clustered Needles
Tamaracks and a spruce during the fall
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DeciduousStep 1

• Look at the branching next
• Alternate or Opposite

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DeciduousStep 2

• Now you have to decide if you have a simple or
  compound leaf.
• Simple Leaves or Compound Leaves

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DeciduousStep 3

• Next you need to look at the leafs veins.
• Palmate Veins or Pinnate Veins

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DeciduousStep 4

• Now determine if your leaves are lobed or not
  lobed.
• Lobed or Not Lobed

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DeciduousStep 5

• By now you may already have your leaf identified.
  If not you will need to keep going. The next
  few slides will point out some other unique
  characteristics of trees and leaves that make
  them easy to identify.

Unique Tree Here are some ginkgo
leaves. They look like they would be deciduous
but they are actually classified as a type of
gymnosperm. Does anyone one know why that may be?
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Deciduous Step 6

• Are there thorns present?

Hawthorn Tree
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DeciduousStep 7

• Is your leaf toothed or smooth?
• Toothed or Smooth

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DeciduousStep 8

• What does the base of your leaf look like?
• Flat Uneven Heart

Basswood
Cottonwood
Elm
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DeciduousStep 9

• Does the tree have a unique type of bark?
• Paper Birch Shagbark Hickory

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DeciduousStep 10

• Sometimes deciduous leaves are very narrow.
• Willows Russian-Olive

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Time to Review

• Directions
• Read the questions carefully
• Select the best answer and click on it to see if
  you are correct or not.
• After you have answered the question click on the
  button in the bottom right corner to take you to
  the next screen.

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Review 1
Are these coniferous or deciduous trees?
Coniferous
Deciduous
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Excellent

• You have been listening!

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• So now you should know the answer was deciduous.
  Deciduous trees have the broad leaves that will
  fall off during winter.

Next Screen
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What type of trees hold their seeds in a cone of
some sort?
Review 2

• Coniferous
• Or
• Deciduous

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Great Job

• You are getting this!

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• Deciduous trees hold their seeds in some sort of
  a fruit or pod. Conifers have their seeds in a
  cone.

Next Screen
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Review 3

• What type of needles do Pine trees have?
• Clustered Needles
• Grouped Needles
• Single Needles

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Correct

• Pines always have grouped needles!

Next Screen
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Sorry

• Try Again

Next Screen
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Sorry

• Try Again

Next Screen
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Review 4

• What type of needles do Spruce trees have?
• Clustered Needles
• Grouped Needles
• Single Needles

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Correct

• Spruce trees all have single needles.

Next Screen
35
Sorry

• Try Again

Next Screen
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Sorry

• Try Again

Next Screen
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Review 5

• Single needles are going to be flat or angled.
  What is the picture below showing?

Flat
Angled
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Correct

• The picture was showing needles from a hemlock.
  Hemlocks are easy to recognize with their short
  flat needles.

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• The picture was showing needles from a hemlock.
  Hemlocks are easy to recognize with their short
  flat needles.

Next Screen
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Review 6

• What type of branching is the picture showing?

Alternate
Opposite
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Correct

• Good job listening!

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• The picture was showing you opposite branching.

Next Screen
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Review 7

• Are these simple or compound leaves?

Compound
Simple
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Correct

• The compound leaves on the left were from a black
  walnut and the leaves on the right were from a
  shagbark hickory.

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• Simple leaves only have one leaf connected to the
  stem. Compound leaves as you can see have many
  leaves connected to the one stem.

Next Screen
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Review 8

• What type of veins do these leaves have?

Pinnate Veins
Palmate Veins
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Correct

• Maple and Oak leaves always have palmate veins.

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• Pinnate veins look like this

Next Screen
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Review 9

• Are these leaves lobed or not lobed?

Lobed
Not lobed
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Correct

• Elm leaves are not lobed.

Next Screen
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Incorrect

• These are what lobed leaves look like

Next Screen
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Review 10

• Do these leave have a toothed or smooth edge?

Smooth
Toothed
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Correct

• All done reviewing!

Next Slide
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Sorry

• Toothed leaves would look like this

Next Slide
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Good Luck

• Now you are prepared to collect and identify your
  leaves. It will be lots of fun learning about
  the world around you!!!