Social Cognitive and Constructivist Views of Learning

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Social Cognitive and Constructivist Views of
Learning

• Chapter 9

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Outline of Todays Lecture

• Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theories
• Constructivism

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Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theories

• Social Learning Theory
• Theory that emphasizes learning through
  observation of others

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Social Learning Theory Study

• Nursery school children watched a film of 2 men
  (Johnny and Rocky) playing with toys.
• Johnny refuses to share and Rocky hits him,
  ending up with all the toys.
• Children who watched the video were significantly
  more violent than children in a control group.

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Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theories

• Social Cognitive Theory
• Theory that adds concern with cognitive factors
  such as beliefs, self-perceptions and
  expectations to social learning theory

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Learning by Observing Others

• Observational Learning
• Learning by observation and imitation of others
• 4 Important Elements
• Attention
• Retention
• Production
• Motivation and Reinforcement
• Vicarious Reinforcement Increasing the chances
  that we will repeat a behaviour by observing
  another person being reinforced for that behaviour

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Learning by Observing Others

• Factors that Influence Observational Learning
• Model prestige and competence
• Outcome expectations
• Goal setting

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Observational Learning in Teaching

• Directing attention
• Fine-tuning already-learned behaviour
• Strengthening or weakening inhibitions
• Ripple Effect Contagious spreading of
  behaviour through imitation
• Teaching new behaviour
• Arousing emotion

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Reciprocal Determinism

• Personal factors, the physical and social
  environment and behaviour all influence and are
  influenced by each other

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Constructivism

• View that emphasizes the active role of the
  learner in building understanding and making
  sense of information
• Video Putting the Learner First

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Small Groups Exercise

• Based on the ideas in the video, come up with a
  rough lesson plan for teaching one of the
  following concepts with a constructivistic
  approach
• Chemical reactions
• Effect of sunlight on plants

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Video

• Case Studies in Constructivism