Behavioral Therapy

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Behavioral Therapy

• John B. Watson (1913)
• B.F. Skinner (1953)
• Wolpe (1958)
• Eysenck (1960)
• Albert Bandura (1963)
• 1950s Behavioral Therapy came into being

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Behavioral Therapy

• B.F. Skinner was born in Pennsylvania in 1904,
  oldest of two sons.
• Notably, his parents did not use corporal
  punishment
• PhD in Psychology in 1931 _at_ Harvard
• Infant air crib (Time Magazine article)
• Wrote Walden Two - about utopia
• Died in 1990 at the age of 86

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Behavioral Therapy

• Three common behaviorists beliefs
• All behavior is learned, whether it is adaptive
  or maladaptive
• Learning can be effective in changing maladaptive
  behavior or acquiring new behavior
• The human personality is not composed of traits

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Behavioral Therapy

• The Stimulus-Response Model
• Also called Respondent Learning
• Also called Conditioning of Involuntary Responses
• Pavlovs dog pool ball break beer
• Watsons Little Albert Rat phobia
• Counterconditioning reverses the learning

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Behavioral Therapy

• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Operant Conditioning is when the subject learns
  to discriminate between behaviors that bring
  rewards those that do not. Called Skinnerian
  Conditioning.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinner_box

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Behavioral Therapy

• Social-Cognitive Theory
• Also called observational learning, imitation,
  social modeling vicarious learning
• The behavior of an individual or a group, the
  model, acts as a stimulus for similar thoughts,
  attitudes, or behavior on the part of an
  individual who observes.

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Behavioral Therapy

• Models closest to the observers age, gender,
  race, attitude have the greatest impact. Live
  models, symbolic models (videos), and multiple
  models (groups) are almost as effective. Covert
  models, are effective as well when the person
  imagines a model performing a socially desired
  activity.

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Behavioral Therapy

• Behaviorists help clients reach mutually agreed
  upon goals with these steps
• Define the problem
• Take a developmental history
• Establish specific goals
• Determine the best methods for change

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Behavioral Therapy

• General Techniques
• Use of reinforcers positive negative, primary
  secondary
• Reinforcement schedules continuous,
  intermittent, interval, fixed-ratio,
  fixed-interval, variable-ratio, fixed-ratio
• Shaping learned gradually in steps thru
  successive approximations

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Behavioral Therapy

• Generalization using the behavior in
  environments where the behavior was not learned
• Maintenance consistent performance of desired
  actions without depending on anyone else for
  support self-observation, self-recording,
  self-monitoring

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Behavioral Therapy

• Extinction behavior quits when the
  reinforcement quits
• Punishment use of an aversive stimulus to
  suppress or eliminate behavior

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Behavioral Therapy

• Specific techniques
• Behavioral rehearsal practicing the desired
  behavior
• Environmental planning using the environment to
  promote or limit behavior
• Systematic desensitization decreasing anxiety
  by successive practice of less anxiety provoking
  situations

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Behavioral Therapy

• Assertiveness training reinforcement of
  expressing ones own feelings/thoughts in
  socially appropriate ways
• Contingency contracts written out rewards
  punishments for specific behaviors
• Implosion imagining a situation that would have
  dire consequences

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Behavioral Therapy

• Flooding imagining a situation that does not
  have dire consequences
• Aversive techniques time out, correction,
  overcorrection, etc.
• Covert sensitization eliminating undesirable
  behavior by associating it with unpleasantness