Declining the poverty and rising inequality

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Declining the poverty and rising inequality?
College of Humanities and Development China
Agricultural University
Challenges for China future development

• Dr. Prof.Li Xiaoyun

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Achievements of Development in China

• Economic Growth fast GDP

Source of information National Bureau of
Statistics of China China Statistical Yearbook,
China statistics press, 2005.
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Motivations for Economic growth

• Agrarian land reform

Using right-based agrarian land contract system
Collective commune system
Enhanced food supply Increased farmers income
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Motivations for Economic growth

• Urbanization
• More than 200 M rural labors moved to urban since
  1980s
• Direct Foreign Invest( DFI ) increased fast
• Market oriented institutional reform

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Achievements of Development in China

• Poverty reduction fast

Table 2 poverty population and poverty incidence
in rural areas since 1980s
Source of information Wang Guoliang A policy
study on the poverty reduction program of PRC
trends and challenges, social sciences academic
press, 2005
6
But
Economic Inequality
Social inequality
Policy inequality
Between rural and urban Among regions Between
male and female
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Economic Inequality

• income inequality in rural and urban areas
• Gini coefficient

Table 3 Income inequality in rural and urban
areas (Gini coefficient)
Source of information summarized from the data
of peoples Net 2005
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Economic Inequality

• income disparity
• 10 highest income groups income 10 of lowest
  income groups income 9.51
• in 2005, urban and rural income ratio reached to
  61.

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Economic Inequality

• inequalities among the regions

Figure Per capita GDP of different provinces
(RMB) in 2003
Source China Human Development Report 2005
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Social Disparity

• social disparity among regions

Table Social inequality between rural and urban
in China (2000)
Source of information 2000 national census
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Figure Human development index(HDI) of different
provinces in 2003
Source China Human Development Report 2005
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Social Disparity

• Gender Inequality

Table Gender difference in education and
education in 2000 ()
Source Second sampled survey on Chinese womens
social situation 2001, Womens Research
Institute of China
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Policy inequality

• the national regional development policy
• focusing on the eastern and costal area
  development strategy
• policy of urban biased development policy

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