Planning for Landscapes

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Planning for Landscapes

• Shawn Dalton
• March 25, 2007

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Examples of Ecological Features

• Streams and lakes
• Forests
• Wetlands

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Examples of Ecosystem Services

• Streams and lakes 1) water 2) wildlife habitat
  3) transportation 4) recreation 5) increased
  property values
• Forests 1) reduce the urban heat island effect
  2) increase property values 3) provide shade in
  summer and protection from wind and storms in
  winter 4) sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse
  gas effects 5) contribute to human physical
  health by filtering pollutants from air and
  water 6) contribute to improved mental health by
  providing opportunities for respite,
  rejuvenation, and recreation.

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Ecosystem Services

• Wetlands 1) flood control 2) water
  purification 3) wildlife habitat 4) biodiversity

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Low impact development

• Low Impact Development (LID) is an innovative
  stormwater management approach with a basic
  principle that is modeled after nature manage
  rainfall at the source using uniformly
  distributed decentralized micro-scale controls.
  LID's goal is to mimic a site's predevelopment
  hydrology by using design techniques that
  infiltrate, filter, store, evaporate, and detain
  runoff close to its source.

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Advantages of LID techniques?

• LID has numerous benefits and advantages over
  conventional stormwater management approaches. In
  short, it is a more environmentally sound
  technology and a more economically sustainable
  approach to addressing the adverse impacts of
  urbanization.

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Five basic tools of LID

• encourage conservation measures
• promote impact minimization techniques such as
  impervious surface reduction
• provide for strategic runoff timing by slowing
  flow using the landscape
• use an array of integrated management practices
  to reduce and cleanse runoff
• advocate pollution prevention measures to reduce
  the introduction of pollutants to the environment
  

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Examples of tools on the landscape
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Green Building Design
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What Is green building?

• Green building is the practice of increasing the
  efficiency with which buildings and their sites
  use and harvest energy, water, and materials, and
  reducing building impacts on human health and the
  environment, through better siting, design,
  construction, operation, maintenance, and removal
  the complete building life cycle.

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Example construction
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Example gray water system
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Examples images
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Principles of green building

• Siting
• Energy efficiency and renewable energy resources
• Environmental impact
• Resource conservation
• Indoor air quality
• Community issues

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Benefits of green building

• Human health and well-being
• Energy efficiency (i.e. climate change
  mitigation)
• Reduced resource use
• Cost-effective

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Sustainable Community Design Applications in
New Brunswick

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• Slides provided by
• Daniel Savard, NB Dept. of the Environment

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Sustainable Communities Planning for healthy,
livable communities in New Brunswick
Department of Environment
Ministère de lEnvironnement
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What is a Community ?

• A group of people who live and interact within
  a specific area. They have a common government
  and share natural resources, as well as the
  natural and built environment.

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What is a Sustainable Community?
a community that meets the present and future
social, economic and environmental needs of
todays citizens without compromising the
natural environment and the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
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What are the Characteristics of a Sustainable
Community?

• good quality of life (livable, healthy and safe)
• population within the carrying capacity of its
  environment
• able to supply basic needs for its citizens
  (clean air, clean water, responsible land use,
  employment opportunities)
• sense of belonging to the community
• participation and stewardship
• strong economy
• effective governance

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Some Challenges to the Sustainability of NB
Communities

• guiding development
• water quality and availability
• climate change
• energy costs/ energy conservation
• loss of productive farmland
• demographic change
• aging of municipal infrastructure

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What can a Community do to be more Sustainable?

• adopt a vision and take a strategic approach
• help protect air and water
• implement strategies for energy efficiency
• create efficient infrastructure
• plan with respect to carrying capacity
• seek economic development approaches that also
  benefit the local environment and quality of life
• involve people in solutions

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How can DENV assist Communities to be more
Sustainable?

• provide advice and leadership on various topics
• provide information and links to information
• assist in developing partnerships between all
  levels of government, professionals and NGOs
• Provincial Planning Policy and Statements
• Sustainable Communities Initiative

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From Conventional to Conservation
Generic Model
Site
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.
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From Conventional to Conservation
Generic Model
Wetland
1. Environmental constraints
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.
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From Conventional to Conservation
Only environmental constraints considered
Generic Model
Conventional Subdivision
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.
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From Conventional to Conservation
Views
Generic Model
Cultural site
Field / Meadow
Views
Mature trees
2. Significant features
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.
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From Conventional to Conservation
Generic Model
Conservation Area
PDA
3. Potential Development Area
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.
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From Conventional to Conservation
Generic model
From this
To this
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.
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From Conventional to Conservation
Generic model
Same number of units
Adaptation from sketches presented in
Conservation design for subdivisions, R. Arendt,
1996.