Title: Groundwater
1Lecture 13 Groundwater
2Lecture Outline
I Porosity and Permeability II The Water
Table III Movement of Groundwater A) Hydraulic
Head and Gradient B) Darcy's Law C) Fluid
Potential IV Aquifers V Wells VI Springs and
Streams VII Effects of Groundwater VIII Groundwate
r Contamination IX Conclusions
Lecture 13 i
3Distribution of Earth's Water
4Porosity
the ratio of aggregate volume of opening in a
rock or soil to its total volume. usually
expressed as a percentage.
5Permeability
the capacity of a porous rock or soil for
transmitting a fluid
6Porosity and Permeability
7The Water Table
8Water Table Seasonal Fluctuations
9Groundwater Flow
10Groundwater FlowHydraulic Head and Hydraulic
Gradient
hydraulic head (h) elevation (z) pressure (p)
hydraulic gradient Dh/L
11Groundwater FlowVelocity - Darcy's Law
12Aquifers
13Wells
14Wells
15Wells
16Wells
17Springs
18Springs
19Gaining Streams and Losing Streams
20Balancing Withdrawal and Recharge
21Balancing Withdrawal and Recharge
22Effects of Groundwater
- Caves
- Sinkholes
- Karst Topography
23Effects of GroundwaterCaves
24Effects of GroundwaterSinkholes
25Effects of GroundwaterKarst Topography
26Effects of GroundwaterKarst Topography
27Groundwater Contamination
28Groundwater Summary