Reflexives Pronouns Verbs

1
Reflexives - Pronouns - Verbs

• - definition
• - pronouns
• - comparisons
• verbs
• examples/exercises

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Reflexives - pronouns

• 'Reflexive'
• Of, relating to, or being a verb having an
  identical subject and direct object, as dressed
  in the sentence 'She dressed herself.'
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the
  English Language Fourth Edition. 2000.

3
Reflexives - pronouns

• 'Reflexive'
• Of, relating to, or being a verb having an
  identical subject and direct object, as dressed
  in the sentence 'She dressed herself.'
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the
  English Language Fourth Edition. 2000.
• The same person is both subject and object in the
  sentence that makes the 'herself' reflexive.

4
Reflexives - pronouns

• 'Reflexive'
• Of, relating to, or being a verb having an
  identical subject and direct object, as dressed
  in the sentence 'She dressed herself.'
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the
  English Language Fourth Edition. 2000.
• The same person is both subject and object in the
  sentence that makes the 'herself' reflexive.
• English usually indicates the reflexive with
  '-self/-selves'. --gt
• myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves,
  yourselves, themselves...

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Reflexives - pronouns

• German reflexive pronouns are either Akkusativ or
  Dativ

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Reflexives - pronouns

• German reflexive pronouns are either Akkusativ or
  Dativ
• Singular Plural
• Nom Akk Dat Nom Akk/Dat
• ich mich mir wir uns
• du dich dir ihr euch
• sie sich
• er sich sie sich
• es sich Sie sich

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Reflexives - pronouns

• German reflexive pronouns are either Akkusativ or
  Dativ
• Singular Plural
• Nom Akk Dat Nom Akk/Dat
• ich mich mir wir uns
• du dich dir ihr euch
• sie sich
• er sich sie sich
• es sich Sie sich
• Accusative and Dative forms differ only in first
  second person

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Reflexives - pronouns

• 'Sie zog sich an.' lt---gt 'She dressed
  herself.'

Examples in Accusative.
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Reflexives - pronouns

• 'Sie zog sich an.' lt---gt 'She dressed
  herself.'

Examples in Accusative. 'Ich zog mich an.' 'Du
zogst dich an.' 'Er zog sich an.' 'Wir zogen
uns an.' 'Ihr zogt euch an.' 'Sie zogen sich
an.' 'Sie zogen sich an. (formal)
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Reflexives - verbs

• German is more consistent in the use of
  reflexives than English.

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Reflexives - verbs

• German is more consistent in the use of
  reflexives than English.
• 'Ich halte mich fit, denn ich gehe oft joggen.'
• 'I keep healthy, for I often go jogging.'
• Where is the reflexive '-self' in English, though
  you 'do' fitness to yourself?

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Reflexives - verbs

• German is more consistent in the use of
  reflexives than English.
• 'Ich halte mich fit, denn ich gehe oft joggen.'
• 'I keep healthy, for I go jogging often.'
• Where is the reflexive '-self' in English, though
  you 'do' fitness to yourself?
• The 'reflexiveness' is not seen in English it is
  implied.
• This is common in English, but in German you will
  have to learn the instances which require you to
  use reflexives
• the meaning of the verb often gives you a hint
  to 'reflexiveness'.

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Reflexives - verbs

• 'Ich ruhe mich abends.' lt---gt 'I relax in
  the evenings.'
• 'Relax' is not something you can do to someone
  else.
• (nor is fitness)

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Reflexives - verbs

• 'Ich ruhe mich abends.' lt---gt 'I relax in
  the evenings.'
• 'Relax' is not something you can do to someone
  else.
• Relaxation is always reflexive, or done to
  yourself.
• English often implies rather than expresses
• the reflexive nature of an action.

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Reflexives - verbs

• In German, the object is never implied the
  object is always stated.

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Reflexives - verbs

• In German, the object is never implied the
  object is always stated.
• Examples
• 'to rest,' 'to remember,' 'to hurry'
• 'sich ruhen' 'sich erinnern' 'sich beeilen'

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Reflexives - verbs

• In German, the object is never implied the
  object is always stated.
• Examples
• 'to rest,' 'to remember,' 'to hurry'
• 'sich ruhen' 'sich erinnern' 'sich beeilen'
• Dictionaries as well as your textbook indicate
  reflexive verbs in this way s. ruhen s.
  erinnern s. beeilen
• You have to know the convention that the 's.'
  reflexive.

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Reflexives - verbs

• So, Germans always say
• 'Ich ruhe mich.' 'Ich erinnere mich.'
  'Sie beeilt sich.'
• 'I rest (myself).' or 'I remember (myself).' or
  'She hurries (herself).'
• 'remind'

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Reflexives - verbs

• So, Germans always say
• 'Ich ruhe mich.' 'Ich erinnere mich.'
  'Sie beeilt sich.'
• 'I rest (myself).' or 'I remember (myself).' or
  'She hurries (herself).'
• 'remind'
• What do you think these sentences say?
• 'Sie ruhen sich.' 'Erinnerst du dich?'
  'Wir beeilen uns!'

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Reflexives - verbs

• So, Germans always say
• 'Ich ruhe mich.' 'Ich erinnere mich.'
  'Sie beeilt sich.'
• 'I rest (myself).' or 'I remember (myself).' or
  'She hurries (herself).'
• 'remind'
• What do you think these sentences say?
• 'Sie ruhen sich.' 'Erinnerst du dich?'
  'Wir beeilen uns!'
• 'They are relaxing.' 'Do you remember?'
  'We're hurrying!'
• Consider the actions the verbs describe to give
  you a hint whether or not the verb might be
  reflexive, or self-directed.

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Reflexives - verbs

• Consider this brief conversation between Sonja
  and her mom.
• What are they saying to each other? lt--- (Is
  this question reflexive?)

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Reflexives - verbs

• Consider this brief conversation between Sonja
  and her mom.
• What are they saying to each other? lt--- (Is
  this question reflexive?)
• Mutti 'Sonja, beeil dich!'
• Sonja 'Mutti, ich ziehe mich noch an!'
• Mutti 'Jaja, du siehst dich immer noch im
  Spiegel an!'
• These verbs demonstrate the activities which
  Sonja must do for herself the activities are
  self-directed.

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Reflexives - verbs

• Consider this brief conversation between Sonja
  and her mom.
• What are they saying to each other? lt--- (Is
  this question reflexive?)
• Mutti 'Sonja, beeil dich!'
• Sonja 'Mutti, ich ziehe mich noch an!'
• Mutti 'Jaja, du siehst dich immer noch im
  Spiegel an!'
• The verbs used demonstrate the activities which
  Sonja must do for herself the activities are
  self-directed.
• 'Sonja, hurry up!'
• 'Mom, I'm still getting dressed!'
• 'Yes, you're still looking at yourself in the
  mirror!'

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Reflexives - verbs

• Only the last sentence, '..du siehst dich im
  Spiegel an', has a direct English equivalent.
• So, it is a good idea to learn the verbs with
  which Germans mostly use reflexive pronouns.

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Reflexives - verbs

• Only the last sentence, '..du siehst dich im
  Spiegel an', has a direct English equivalent.
• So, it is a good idea to learn the verbs with
  which Germans mostly use reflexive pronouns.
• Here are some common ones (but there are many
  more!)
• s. erkälten catch cold s. (hin)legen lie
  down
• s. (hin)setzen sit down s. (wohl) fühlen
  feel well
• s. freuen be happy (schlecht) feel ill
• s. kämmen comb your hair s. verletzen get
  injured
• s. waschen get washed s. putzen to clean
  (onesself) up
• s. baden bathe s. rasieren shave
• s. duschen shower

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Reflexives - verbs

• s. erkälten
• s. (hin)legen
• s. (hin)setzen
• s. fühlen
• s. freuen
• s. kämmen
• s. verletzen
• s. waschen
• s. putzen
• s. baden
• s. rasieren
• s. duschen

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Reflexives - verbs

• s. erkälten
• s. (hin)legen
• s. (hin)setzen
• s. fühlen
• s. freuen
• s. kämmen
• s. verletzen
• s. waschen
• s. putzen
• s. baden
• s. rasieren
• s. duschen

Just because these verbs may be listed as
'reflexive' verbs, does not mean that they are
always reflexive. That just means that they are
most commonly used reflexively. Logically, there
is no reason why you cannot comb someone else's
hair, nor wash, nor bathe, nor shave another
person. (It would be very hard to cause someone
to catch cold.)
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Reflexives - verbs

• Very common verbs can also be used reflexively.
• Not often seen in English.
• 'kaufen'
• 'Ich kaufe einen Computer.' lt-- NOT reflexive
• (unknown who the owner will be, unless
  stated/implied)
• 'Ich kaufe Kevin/ihm einen Computer.' lt-- NOT
  reflexive

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Reflexives - verbs

• Very common verbs can also be used reflexively.
• Not often seen in English.
• 'kaufen'
• 'Ich kaufe einen Computer.' lt-- NOT reflexive
• (unknown who the owner will be, unless
  stated/implied)
• 'Ich kaufe Kevin/ihm einen Computer.' lt-- NOT
  reflexive
• To be absolutely spefic that it will be mine, not
  his
• 'Ich kaufe mir einen Computer.' 'I'm buying me
  a computer.'

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Reflexives - verbs

• 'I'm buying me a computer.'
• The English sounds like strong dialect and
  non-standard.

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Reflexives - verbs

• 'I'm buying me a computer.'
• The English sounds like strong dialect and
  non-standard.
• More acceptable in standard speech would be,
  perhaps
• 'I'm buying a computer for myself.' (very
  acceptable reflexive)
• 'Ich kaufe mir einen Computer.' Reflexive
  pronouns in Dative

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Reflexives - verbs

• Sonja's conversation with her mom continues

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Reflexives - verbs

• Sonja's conversation with her mom continues
• Mutti 'Ziehst du dir die schwarzen Jeans an?'
• Sonja 'Nein, ich sehe mir das blaue Kleid
  an.'...
• Sonja 'Aber ich muss mir auch noch die Zähne
  putzen und
• mir auch eine gute Farbe Lippenstift
  auswählen.'

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Reflexives - verbs

• Sonja's conversation with her mom continues
• Mutti 'Ziehst du dir die schwarzen Jeans an?'
• Sonja 'Nein, ich sehe mir das blaue Kleid
  an.'...
• Sonja 'Aber ich muss mir auch noch die Zähne
  putzen und
• mir auch eine gute Farbe Lippenstift
  auswählen.'
• There are no direct English equivalents for these
  utterances. The closest English would use a
  possessive word, like 'my' or 'your'

35
Reflexives - verbs

• Sonja's conversation with her mom continues
• Mutti 'Ziehst du dir die schwarzen Jeans an?'
• Sonja 'Nein, ich sehe mir das blaue Kleid
  an.'...
• Sonja 'Aber ich muss mir auch noch die Zähne
  putzen und
• mir auch eine gute Farbe Lippenstift
  auswählen.'
• There are no direct English equivalents for these
  utterances. The closest English would use a
  possessive word, like 'my' or 'your'
• Mom 'Are you wearing (going to wear) your black
  Jeans?'
• Sonja 'No, I'm looking at the blue dress.'...
  (She's considering...)
• Sonja 'But I still have to brush my teeth and
  also choose a good color lipstick (for myself).'

36
Reflexives - verbs

• Hints
• 1. Dative Reflexives ('mir', 'dir', 'uns', '
  euch', 'sich'...) appear when there is a direct
  object in the sentence, too.
• 2. Where there is no other direct object, the
  reflexive is accusative.
• 'Ich rasiere mich.' vs. 'Ich suche mir einen
  Lippenstift aus.'
• 3. Verbs which always require dative objects
  (helfen, danken, dienen, gratulieren, etc.) will
  continue to use reflexives in the dative case.
• Help yourself! --gt Helfen Sie sich, Hilf
  dir!, Helft euch!

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Reflexives - verbs

• The reflexive pronouns in action All forms
• Akkusativ Dativ
• 'Ich rasiere mich.' 'Ich suche mir einen
  Lippenstift aus.'
• 'Du rasierst dich.' 'Du suchst dir einen
  Lippenstift aus.'
• 'Sie rasiert sich.' 'Sie sucht sich einen
  Lippenstift aus.'
• 'Er rasiert sich.' 'Er sucht sich einen
  Lippenstift aus.'
• 'Wir rasieren uns.' 'Wir suchen uns
  Lippenstifte aus.'
• 'Ihr rasiert euch.' 'Ihr sucht euch
  Lippenstifte aus.'
• 'Sie rasieren sich.' 'Sie suchen sich
  Lippenstifte aus.'
• 'Sie rasieren sich.' 'Sie suchen sich
  Lippenstifte aus.'

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Reflexives - Übungen

• Hier ist ein Text aus dem Internet.
• Finden Sie den/die ReflexivPronomen

gestohlen stolen s Handy/s cell
phone ausschalten disconnect sorgen für
assure künftig in future abschalten shut
down immer only r Eigentümer owner entfernen
to distance s Gerät device
39
Reflexives - Übungen

• Hier ist ein Text aus dem Internet.
• Finden Sie den ReflexivPronomen

gestohlen stolen s Handy/s cell
phone ausschalten disconnect sorgen für
assure künftig in future abschalten shut
down immer only r Eigentümer owner entfernen
to distance s Gerät device
Have you found the three reflexives?
40
Reflexives - Übungen

• Hier ist ein Text aus dem Internet.
• Finden Sie den/die ReflexivPronomen

gestohlen stolen s Handy/s cell
phone ausschalten disconnect sorgen für
assure künftig in future abschalten shut
down immer only r Eigentümer owner entfernen
to distance s Gerät device
Have you found the three reflexives?
41
Reflexives - Übungen

• Hier ist ein Text aus dem Internet.
• Finden Sie den/die ReflexivPronomen

gestohlen stolen s Handy/s cell
phone ausschalten disconnect sorgen für
assure künftig in future abschalten shut
down immer only r Eigentümer owner entfernen
to distance s Gerät device
Have you found the three reflexives?
selbst expresses a kind of reciprocity mutual
dependence Here, the cell phones depend upon
themselves, they act on their own.
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Ende des Podcasts - reflexive pronouns /
verbs
Links für online Übungen finden Sie bei den
Online-Diensten des Sprachlabors, Irvin Hall
60 http//montgomery.cas.muohio.edu/ilrc-online/
German/Deutsch20Na20Klar204th20Edition/Web/