PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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I olfactory

• sensory
• smell
• Olfactory bulb at the end of the nerve (
  cribiform plate)

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II optic

• sensory
• vision retina of the eye

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III oculomotor

• motor
• moves eye- extrinsic muscles
• Pupil response-intrinsic muscle
• Accommodation for near vision
• Superior oblique, medial rectus, lateral rectus,
  inferior rectus

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IV trochlear

• motor
• moves eye
• Superior oblique muscle

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V trigeminal both (mixed)

• Sensations of head and face,muscles of
  mastication
• Corneal reflex

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Trigeminal Nerve
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VI abducens

• motor
• moves eye

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VII facial

• both (mixed) expression, taste (anterior 2/3
  rd.)

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Facial nerve
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VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve

• also called acoustic or auditory nerve
• sensory hearing, balance

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IX glossopharyngeal

• both (mixed)
• Goes to tongue, and pharynx
• swallowing, taste posterior 1/3 rd.

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X vagus

• both
• (mixed) parasympathetic

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XI spinal accessory

• motor
• move head

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XII hypoglossal

• motor
• tongue movements

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memoric

• On old Olympus towering tops a Finn and German
  viewed some hops.
• first letter of saying is first letter of cranial
  nerve.

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memoric

• some say marry money, but my brothers say bad
  business, marry money. S sensory M motor B
  both (mixed)
• first letter of saying stands for sensory, motor,
  or both (mixed).

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SPINAL NERVES

• SPINAL NERVES
• 31 pairs
• 8 cervical (C1-C8)
• 12 thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
• 5 lumbar (L1-l5)
• 5 sacral (S1-S5)
• 1 coccygeal
• Cauda equina (horse tail)

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structure of spinal nerve

• spinal nerves attach to spinal cord
• dorsal(posterior) root (sensory)
• ventral(anterior) root (motor)
• spinal ganglion
• on dorsal root
• all spinal nerves are mixed nerves (sensory and
  motor)

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Ventral root and Dorsal root
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dorsal ramus

• somatic motor- muscles( posterior)
• head
• neck
• trunk
• sensory (skin) same areas

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Ventral ramus
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ventral ramus

• sympathetic chain
• splanchnic nerve
• motor and sensory of extremities

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Nerve Plexuses

• complex networks formed by the ventral rami of
  spinal nerves except for T1-T12
• nerves out of the plexuses form individual
  nerves that innervate a particular region of the
  body

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major plexuses (4)

• cervical plexus
• phrenic nerve
• diaphragm
• brachial plexus
• radial and ulna nerve
• lumbar plexus
• femoral nerve
• sacral plexus
• sciatic nerve

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Dermatomes

• each skin surface area supplied by a single
  spinal nerve
• used in physical assessments
• sympathetic pathways
• sympathetic preganglionic neurons
• synapse
• sympathetic postganglionic neurons
• effector

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Deratomes
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Neurotransmitters of autonomic pathways

• sympathetic
• epinephrine and norepinephrine (many)
• acetylcholine (few)
• parasympathetic
• acetylcholine

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functions

• fight or flight reaction

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FUNCTIONS,CONT.

• constrictions of blood vessels to digestive tract
• dilation of respiratory airways
• increased rate of breathing and depth
• increased sweating

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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• control of voluntary motor pathways

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Clinical reflexes

• somatic reflexes
• clinical applications
• Babinski reflex( toes fan laterally normal under
  age of one
• Plantar reflex (L4-S2) lateral aspect of plantar
  surface of foot (downward curing of toes, normal

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Clinical reflexes

• ankle jerk- Achilles reflex (S1-S2)
• corneal reflex (V CN)
• abdominal reflex (T8-T12) normal response is to
  contract abs, damage to corticospinal tract
  lesions cause absent

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knee jerk

• reflex classifications
• spinal cord reflex
• segmental reflex
• ipsilateral reflex
• stretch reflex

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knee jerk, cont.

• extensor reflex
• tendon reflex
• deep reflex
• Knee jerk and ankle jerk are both tendon
  reflexes.

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Knee jerk reflex
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

• sympathetic nervous system
• two sympathetic chain ganglia
• extends from 2nd cervical vertebra to coccyx
• run parallel to the vertebral column
• 22 sympathetic ganglia
• 3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar, 4 sacral

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parasympathetic nervous system

• functions- slows most systems
• increases digestion system

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Nerves

• Head
• Nerves used in chewing- Trigeminal CN V
• Nerves used in facial expression
• Facial CNVII
• Nerves used to move the head Spinal accessory CN
  XI

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Nerves

• Nerves to flex the trunk
• Anterior divisions of spinal nerves
• Nerves to elevate shoulders CNXI spinal
  accessory
• Nerves to depress shoulders medial and lateral
  thoracic nerves

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Peripheral Nerves

• Nerves to control diaphragm- phrenic Nerve
  (C3-C5)
• Nerve to move deltoid muscle abducts upper arm
  axillary nerve
• Teres major- subscapular nerve
• Brachioradialis radial nerve
• Flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar nerve

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Nerves

• Psoas and Iliacus (flexes femur)
• Femoral nerve
• Gluteus muscles- inferior and superior gluteal
  nerves
• Quadriceps- femoral nerve
• Hamstrings- Sciatic nerve