Inventions of the Late 1800s

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Inventions of the Late 1800s

• Alan Russell
• ED 639

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10th Grade American History

• Chapter 6 The Industrial Revolution

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Objectives

• Students should be able to explain effects of new
  technology during the industrial revolution on
  work and home life.
• Students should be able to list and discuss the
  importance of these new technologies.
• Students should be able to explain the
  modernization of Agricultural.

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Academic Content Standards

• 10th Grade History Benchmark B.
• Explain the social, political, and economic
  effects of industrialization.

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New Forms of Technology

• We will discuss new forms of technology in the
  fields of
• Energy
• Communication
• Transportation
• And Agricultural

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New Forms of Energy

• Edwin L. Drake
• Develops new technology for obtaining oil from
  the ground.
• In 1859, Drake strikes oil in Titusville,
  Pennsylvania.

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New Forms of Energy

• Before Drake, oil was obtain by melting the fat
  of whales or by digging large pits.
• Gaining oil was now cheaper and more efficient.
• New uses for oil developed and the industry
  boomed.

An oil derrick today.
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New Forms of Energy

• Thomas A. Edison
• Native of Ohio
• Holds over 1,000 patents for his inventions.

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New Forms of Energy

• After numerous mistrials, in 1880, Edison
  invented the light bulb.
• Edison also developed the idea for a central
  power station to make electricity more affordable
  and more widespread.
• The light bulb and power stations allowed the
  work day to be extended past dusk. It also
  allowed homes to be lit well into the night.

The early light bulb.
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New Forms of Energy
George Westinghouse

• Invented a way to transmit electricity through an
  alternating current.
• This allowed electricity to be sent farther
  distances and for less money.
• It made the use of electricity in the home more
  practicable and affordable.

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New Forms of Communications

• Samuel F. B. Morse
• Perfected the telegraph (did not invent the first
  telegraph).
• Developed an alphabet of dots and dashes, called
  Morse code, to communicate.
• Started the communications revolution.

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New Forms of Communications

• The telegraph machines were connected by wires
  that transmitted an electrical impulse used for
  communication.
• By 1900, over 900,000 miles of wire were sending
  messages to cities all over the nation.
• This new invention allowed for easier, long
  distance communications, and allowed for cities
  to be connected to each other.

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New Forms of Communications

• Alexander Graham Bell
• Invented the talking telegraph or telephone
  while experimenting with inventions to help
  people hear in 1876.
• By 1900, 1.5 million telephones were in
  operation.

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New Forms of Communications

• This allowed people to communicate through
  talking and not the telegraph process.
• Farther united citizens and cities through
  communications.

An early telephone
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New Forms of Transportation

• Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer Process.
• This process transformed iron ore into the
  lighter, stronger, and more flexible steel.
• He found a way to make the steel cheaper and
  easier.

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New Forms of Transportation

• This new process in producing mass quantities of
  steel led to vast improvements in the
  transportation industry.
• In 1869, the Transcontinental Railroad was
  completed that connected the cities and industry
  of the east to the Pacific ocean.
• The transfer of people, goods, mail, or troops
  was now easier than ever.

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New Forms of Transportation.

• The Bessemer process also improved the structure
  of buildings and bridges.
• The Brooklyn Bridge, finished 1883, was another
  example of how steel improved transportation in
  America.

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Improvements in Agricultural

• In the 1880s more than 60 of the American work
  force worked in Agricultural.
• Due to improvements in Ag more crops could be
  produced while using less laborers.
• By 1920, only 50 worked on farms.
• While today approximately 2 of laborers work on
  farms.

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Improvements in Agricultural

• A stronger plough was developed using steel.
• The multi-row plough allowed several furrows to
  be dug at once.
• This made the farming process more efficient.

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Improvements in Agricultural

• The Reaper
• A horse drawn and powered machine to cut the
  crops at the stem.
• Prior to this invention crops were harvested by
  hand.

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Improvements in Agricultural

• The Thresher
• Horse powered machine used to separate the grain
  from the stalks or hulks of the plants.
• Previously done by hand which was time consuming
  and labor intensive.

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Student Activities

• Students will choose 3 of the 5 assignments to
  complete.
• 1. Students will choose one invention and
  describe how it changed life in a one page paper.
• 2. Students will compose one poem or song lyrics
  discussing the use of at least one invention.

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Student Activities

• Students will write a letter to someone in the
  late 1800s, while choosing one invention,
  describing what life was like before and then
  after they received the invention.
• Students will answer questions 1-5 on page 268 in
  the text book.
• Students will choose one inventor and write a two
  page biography on his life.

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Websites For Your Consideration

• www.wikipedia.org
• www.scholar.google.com/
• http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blste
  el.htm
• Information on the life of Henry Bessemer.
• http//www.thomasedison.com/
• Information on the life of Thomas Edison
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/dr
  ake_hi.html
• Information of Edwin Drake