High Polluting Petrol Fuelled Vehicles An Approach To Reducing Their Emissions

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High Polluting Petrol Fuelled VehiclesAn
Approach To Reducing Their Emissions
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Situation in Hong Kong - Review

• Vehicles A Major Source of RSP NOx
• RSP Rising from 39 in 91 to 52 in 97
• NOx Rising from 17.6 in 91 to 33.1 in 97
• Measures Adopted To Date Include
• Stringent Emissions Fuel Standards
• Periodic Inspections
• LPG Conversions
• Smoke Controls

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Current Gap in Program

• Almost Half of Petrol Cars Uninspected
• High/Low Idle Test Inadequate For Catalyst Cars
• No NOx Measurement
• Catalyst Not Truly Exercised

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Technical Review Panel
To steer, advise and guide the technical
development of a strengthened exhaust emissions
inspection and monitoring program for in-use non
diesel vehicles (except electric vehicles) in
Hong Kong
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Decision Action Plan For Hong Kong Agreed To

• Institute Remote Sensing Program
• Use For Dirty Screening
• Vehicles Identified As Potentially Dirty
• Subjected To VMass I/M Test
• If Fail, Must Be Repaired Subject To Retest

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Agreed Upon Next Steps

• Refine Concept Develop Road Map
• Data Gathering
• VMass Profile Cut Points
• RSD Profile Cut Points
• Pilot Program
• Full Implementation

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Agreed Schedule

• Technology Evaluation Proposal mid 2002
• Local measurements Data Gathering/Analysis
  end of 2002
• Pilot Scheme 2003
• Full Implementation - 2004

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Issues Identified For Resolution

• European Driving Cycles
• Exhaust Pipe Location and Orientation
• Different Fuels

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European Type Approval Driving Cycle
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European Actual Driving Cycle
Based on actual driving behavior in France,
Germany UK
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TUV Short Driving Cycle
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Modem Short Driving Cycle
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Tailpipe Location Orientation

• Emissions Expand Dilute Within Milliseconds
• Tends Toward Center of Vehicle
• Position Beam Toward Center of Average Vehicle
  Height

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LPG, CNG Petrol Fueled Vehicles

• NOx No Difference
• CO No Difference
• Types of Hydrocarbons Will Vary
• Dedicated Methane Channel
• Wider Bandwidth Filter
• Apply Adjustment Factor
• Tunable Diode

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Vehicles To Be Covered
356,990 Total
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Pollutants Affected

• NOx
• CO
• HC

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Potential Benefits

• Individual Vehicle Example
• 0.39 g/km x 15,000 km 5.85 kg (7.5 litres of
  petrol)
• Overall Benefits Depend
• High Polluters Identified
• Indirect Deterrence Effects

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Next Steps

• Research Available Sites
• Large Number Desirable To Assure Broadest
  Possible Coverage
• Draft RSD Tender
• Discuss with potential vendors
• Determine Optimum Parameters
• Design Test Work For Remainder of 2002

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RSD Site Selection Is Very Important
Key Criteria Single Lane of Traffic Shoulder Room
For Equipment High of Vehicles Avoid Cold
Starts, Rapid Accels, etc.
Several Sites Already Found Acceptable But Need
More
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Testing During Second Half of 2002

• RSD
• Typical of Vehicles Per Week
• Proportion of Target Vehicles Captured
• Emissions Profile

• VMass Testing
• Typical Tests Per Day
• Emissions Profile
• Develop relationship between RSD cutpoints
  VMass cutpoints

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Issues For Resolution By Technical Review Panel

• Driving Cycle?
• Proceed To Next Steps?
• Broaden Site Selection
• Develop Draft Tender
• Prepare For VMass RSD Pilot Testing

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Test Type Modem or IM240
Analyzers
Fuel As received
NDIR - HC Field grade
Emissions Measurements Mass - grams/mile
NDIR - CO Field grade
Vehicle As received
VMAS
NDIR - CO2 Field grade
Fuel Cell - NOx
8.5 in. - 20 in. Electric Dynamometer
European MODEM Short Cycle
240 sec
57 mph
Speed
Time