EMERGENCE

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EMERGENCE

• Estimation and
• Mapping of
• Employment
• Relocation in a
• Global
• Economy in the
• New
• Communications
• Environment

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The Consortium - partners

• IES, Institute for Employment Studies, UK (lead
  partner)
• DTI, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark
• FORBA, Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle
  Arbeitswelt, Austria
• HIVA, Hoger Instituut Voor de Arbeid, Belgium
• ISB, Institute of Sociology, Hungarian Academy of
  Sciences, Hungary

• IRES, Economic and Social Research Institute,
  Italy
• IMIT, The Institute for Management of Innovation
  and Technology, Sweden
• NOP Business, UK
• CPROST, The School of Communications at Simon
  Fraser University, Canada
• The Faculty of Business and Public Management at
  Edith Cowan University, Australia

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and subcontractors

• ISERES, Trade Union Institute for Economic and
  Social Study and Research, France
• CIREM, Fundacio Centre DIndiciatives I Requerces
  Europe a la Mediterranea, Spain
• FAST, Forschungsgemeinschaft fuer
  Aussenwirtschaft, Struktur- und
  Technologiepolitik, Germany
• Valter Fissamber Associates, Greece

• Warsaw Institute of Labour and Social Studies,
  Poland
• Prague Research Institute for Labour and Social
  Affairs, Czech Republic
• plus associates in
• USA
• Japan
• India
• Thailand
• South Africa
• Jordan
• and many other countries

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The research problem

• speed of change
• lack of clear definitions
• convergence between sectors
• lack of statistics on trade in services or new
  occupations or forms of work
• lack of international comparability
• lack of clear analytical framework
• scarcity of up-to-date case study material

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EMERGENCEs deliverables

• Global Statistical Review and Analysis
• International Employer Survey
• Discussion paper for Statistics Offices
• Case Studies
• Model
• Conference, seminars, workshops

• Interactive website
• Newsletters
• Report on Implications for SMEs
• Report on EU Candidate Countries
• Report on Southern Europe
• Regional DevelopmentToolkit

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and additional work

• Extension of survey and case studies to
• Australia
• Canada
• NAS states
• USA and
• Japan
• Case studies in developing countries
• Supplementary surveys of small firms in the
  knowledge sector (Denmark and Ireland already
  under way)
• Global dissemination activities

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Global statistical analysis

• Literature survey
• Global database - 171 variables 204 countries
• Cluster analysis - national level
• EU occupational and sectoral data
• analysed at NUTS1 regional level

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Global statistical analysis
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Where the Butterfly Alights

• e-leader - 6 large dominant source
  economies
• e-capable - 23 smaller highly developed
  source economies
• e-hare - 25 small but rapidly
  developing countries - potential destinations

• e-tiger - 17 large rapidly developing countries,
  often existing destinations
• e-maybe - 19 states - with small, highly
  educated population - source or destination
• e-loser - 114 underdeveloped countries at
  serious risk of exclusion

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European establishment survey
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EMERGENCE employer survey1st phase

• 7,500 interviews in the EU Hungary, Poland,
  Czech Republic
• 18 countries 17 languages
• computer-aided telephone interviewing
• sample employers across the whole economy
• with gt50 employees
• stratified by size
• stratified by sector
• establishment based
• weighted results

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Differing forms of delocalisation
Individualised
On employers premises

• partial homework plus hot-desking
• nomadic working
• fully home-based working by employees

• Remote back offices
• call centres
• distributed teams

in-house (internal)

• specialist business services suppliers
• telemediated outsourcing

• Freelance homework
• independent nomadic working

outsourced (external)
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conceptual map of the eOrganisation
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Structure of the questionnaire
EMERGENCE
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Business services covered

• Software development/IT support
• Data processing/input/typing
• Sales (telesales and mobile reps)
• Customer service/information/advice
• Accounting/invoicing/debt collection
• Design/editorial
• Management/training/HR

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Data collected on

• home-based teleworking
• multi-locational teleworking
• work on in-house remote sites / call centres
  (including location and reason for choice)
• freelances
• outsourced work (including location and reason
  for choice) downstream
• upstream outsourcing - location of customers

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eWork in Europe (demand side) by type of eWork
( of establishments with gt50 employees)
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Use of outsourced business services ( of
establishments with gt50 employees)
Source EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
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E-work demand by business function ( of
establishments with gt50 employees)
Source EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
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Use of home-based eEmployees by country ( of
European establishments with gt50 employees)
Source EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
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Use of multilocational eWorkers by country ( of
European establishments with gt50 employees)
Source EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
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Use of eLancers by country ( of European
establishments with gt50 employees)
Source EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
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Outsourcing outside own country, by country (
of European establishments with gt50 employees)
Source EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
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Statistical Indicators of eWork
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Reasons for collecting data on eWork

• Transport policy
• Environmental policy
• Planning and land use policy
• Education and training policy
• Social inclusion policy
• Trade and industry policy
• Development aid policy

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Challenges

• Industrial structure
• What is a sector?
• Occupational structure
• Professional qualifications/generic skills
• Organisational structure
• Legal or geographical definition?
• Enterprise vs establishment

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Collection instruments

• Labour force/other population censuses and
  surveys
• Could include household or travel surveys
• Establishment censuses/surveys (geographically
  based)
• Enterprise-based data sets including trade
  records

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Other issues

• International compatibility
• Compatibility with historical time series
• Regular updating
• Speed
• Potential for disaggregation to regional level

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Modelling eWork in the EU
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Existing data

• Individualised forms
• Fully home-based
• Multilocational
• eLance
• Some longitudinal data exist (UK)
• collective forms
• No existing longitudinal data sets only very
  crude proxies for some indicators
• Main focus therefore on individualised forms

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Individual forms - procedure

• Use results of EMERGENCE establishment survey to
  obtain comparative picture
• Use Community LFS individual data and enterprise
  data to estimate national comparisons of
  establishments/ employees broken down by
• gt50/lt50 employees
• Public/private sector

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Procedure (continued)

• Use UK lfs to establish relationship between
  employer use of ework at establishment level and
  prevalence of eWork in workforce within these
  categories
• Assume that this relationship remains constant
  within these categories across the EU

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Procedure (continued)

• Calculate prevalence of eWork in the EU for
• Fully home-based teleworkers
• Multilocational teleworkers
• eLancers
• (taking account of differing size sector
  structure)
• Use UK lfs time series to predict growth rates

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collective forms of eWork

• Use source and destination information to
  test hypotheses developed in the global
  statistical analysis
• BUT this is very unreliable at present because of
  small sample sizes

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For more information, go to

• www.emergence.nu
• www.analytica.org.uk
• www.employment-studies.co.uk