The 1960

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The 1960s
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A. Kennedys Domestic Policies
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Plans New Frontier

• Education
• Medical Care for the Elderly
• Urban Renewal
• Tax Cuts
• End Racial Discrimination

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Failures

• Most not passed due to resistance in Congress
• After his death Johnson is able to pass many of
  JFKs programs

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Space Race

• Americans were behind in the Space Race

• Kennedy promoted 24 billion project to land
  Americans on the moon
• 1969, Apollo 11 mission landed on the moon
• Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong

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B. LBJ Takes Over
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The Assassination of a President

• Nov 22, 1963
• Kennedy is shot and killed

• Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested

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Warren Commission

• Commission led by Earl Warren that investigated
  JFKs assassination
• Concluded that Oswald was a lone gunman

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The New President

• Pledged to continue Kennedys policies
• Got Kennedys Civil Rights bill (Civil Rights Act
  of 1964) and tax cut bill passed
• One of the few Southern Democrats in favor of
  Civil Rights

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C. The Election of 1964
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Nominees

• Barry Goldwater (Rep)
• Wanted to abolish social welfare programs and use
  Nukes in Vietnam

• Lyndon Johnson (Dem)
• Promised a Great Society and would not cause
  Nuclear War

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Campaign

• Daisy Ad campaign highlights the belief that
  electing Goldwater would mean nuclear war
• Goldwater not popular with moderate Republicans

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The Results

• Johnson wins by a landslide

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D. The Great Society
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The War on Poverty

• 40-50 million Americans were considered poor
• Attributed to loss of unskilled jobs
• Office of Economic Opportunity (1964)
• Job Training
• Legal Services
• Scholarships

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Head Start (1965)

• Pre-school program
• Help disadvantaged children prepare for school
• Programs also passed to aid elementary and
  secondary schools

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Medicare Act of 1965

• Health insurance for the elderly
• Medicade health insurance for the low income

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Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

• Provided low-income housing
• 2.9 billion to urban renewal

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Immigration Act of 1965

• Undid National Origins Act of 1924
• 1st come, 1st served
• Precedence given to
• Family ties
• Skills necessary for the U.S.
• Political Refugees
• Did set limits
• 120,000 from Western Hemisphere
• 170,000 from Eastern Hemisphere

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Impact of Immigration Act

• Opened the floodgates
• Latin America (esp Mexico)
• Asia (Southeast Asia)
• Caribbean
• Sunbelt most
• impacted
• Increase in
• illegal immigration
• began

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Johnsons Legacy

• Achievements compared to FDRs New Deal
• Poverty reduced from 22 to 13
• Great Society overshadowed and under-funded
  because of Vietnam War

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E. Election of 1968
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Problems with the 1968 Election

• LBJ decides not to run because of Vietnam

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Assassination of MLK Race Riots

• Killed April 4, 1968
• Sparked race riots in major U.S. cities

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• Bobby Kennedy (Dem) is assassinated after
  California primary (June 1968)

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• Riot in Chicago at the Democratic Convention
  between police and anti-war activists

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Nominees

• Richard Nixon (Rep)
• Promised to restore law and order

• Hubert Humphrey (Dem)
• Represented all of the problems of the country

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• George Wallace (Am. Ind)
• Ran on a campaign of pro-segregation

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Results

• Nixon wins, but is a minority president

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F. American Culture 1960s Version
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Impact of Baby Boomers

• ? affluent youth ? jobs requiring post-high
  school skills ? college students
• 1950 - 1 million college students
• 1968 7 million college students
• Exposure to ideas that challenged traditional
  views

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New Left

• Influenced by the Beats of the 1950s
• Liberal political movement of the 1960s
• Wanted a participatory democracy, critiqued Am.
  values, and anti-conformity
• Opposed The Establishment
• Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
  epitomized this movement
• Anti-war
• Pro-Civil Rights
• Free Speech

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Counterculture

• Grew out of the New Left
• Was a way of life rather than just a political
  movement
• Wanted a lifestyle of drug use, free love, and a
  rejection of adult authority

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• Hippies becames the most known counterculture
  movement
• Fought for racial equality, women's rights,
  sexual liberation, relaxation of prohibitions
  against recreational drugs, and an end to the
  Vietnam War

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• Hippie culture was best embodied by the new genre
  of psychedelic rock music
• The Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, The Doors, The
  Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Janis
  Joplin.

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G. Societal Changes of the 1960s
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Sexual Revolution

• Challenged traditional values of pre-marital sex
  as taboo
• Encouraged by mass marketing of birth control
• Free Love separating sex from procreation
• Became part of the youth rebellion

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Breakdown of the Family

• By 1965, divorce rates were on the rise
• TV replaced parenting

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Womens Rights

• Eleanor Roosevelt began to highlight the
  inequalities women faced
• Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique (1963)
  explored how unfulfilling women found being
  housewives
• The middle class suburban dream had become a
  nightmare
• Began the Feminist Movement

The suburban home is a comfortable concentration
camp
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• National Organization of Women (NOW) founded in
  1966
• Called for equal employment opportunities and
• equal pay
• Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) began in 1967 but
  ultimately failed