F1 CARS

1
F1 CARS
2
Introduction

• Most sophisticated vehicles used in the most
  technologically advanced form of sports.
• Each and every minute details tuned to perfection
• Each f1 team has the responsibility to come up
  with the most efficient design.
• Bringing the f1 cars to a halt is an incredible
  challenge.
• F1 car driving demands precision, incredibly
  fast reflexes and endurance from the driver.

3
The Chassis

• Characteristics
• Single seat cars
• Open cockpit
• Open wheels
• Wings at front and rear
• Position of the engine is behind the driver

4
The Cockpit

• Cockpit is a very sparse environment.
• Driver has limited movement.
• Driver experiences G-forces.
• Designers are forever trying to lower the centre
  of gravity of the car.

5
Aerodynamics

• Wing theory
• Rear wing
• Front wing
• Barge boards
• Diffuser

6
Wing theory

• Uses the same principle as an aircraft.
• Aircraft uses lift whereas f1 cars uses
  down-force.
• Drag- another important factor on an f1 car.

7
Rear wing

• Made up of 2 sets of aerofoil connected to each
  other by wing endplates.
• Top aerofoil made up of a maximum of 3 elements.
• Lower aerofoil made up of single element.
• Endplates prevent the air from spilling over the
  sides of the wings.

8
Front wing

• Asymmetrical wing flaps on either side of the
  nose cones.
• Asymmetrical shape allows better airflow
  increasing down-force.
• Inside edges of the front wing endplates curved.

9
Barge-boards

• Mounted between front wheels and side-pods.
• Can be situated in the suspension.
• Main purpose- Smoothen and direct the airflow
  coming from the front wheels.
• They have contours to direct airflow in different
  directions.

10
Diffuser

• Situated at the underside of the car behind the
  rear axle line.
• Consists of many tunnels and splitters to control
  airflow.
• Maximizes suction effect thus increasing
  down-force.

11
Engine

• Ten times horse-power of a normal road car.
• Operate at very high temperatures.
• Limited to 3 litre, normally with 10 cylinders.
• Engines made from forged aluminium.
• Some components made from ceramics in order to
  reduce internal inertia of moving parts.

12
What makes these engines different to road car
engines?

• Air-box
• Fuel and fuel tank
• Exhausts
• Cooling systems
• Transmissions
• Clutch
• Gearbox
• Gear ratios
• Differential

13
Tyres

• Must be able to withstand very high stresses and
  temperatures.
• Tyres filled with special nitrogen rich, moisture
  free gas.
• Tyres made up of 4 ingredients- carbon blacks,
  polymers, oils and curatives.
• 3 types of tyres are used
• Dry tyre
• Intermediate tyre
• Wet tyre

14
(No Transcript)
15
The Suspensions

• Two forms of suspension.
• Traditional coil spring setup.
• Torsion bar setup
• Both forms are mounted on the chassis.

16

• Dampers
• Often called shock absorbers.
• Main purpose is to prevent the spring from
  oscillating too much
• These dampers can be tuned to alter the handling.

17
The Brakes

• F1 cars use disc brakes designed to work at 750
  degrees celcius.
• Brakes are set up with 60 braking force to the
  front and 40 to the rear.
• Drivers are able to adjust the balance btw front
  and rear braking force from a dial in the
  cockpit.
• Rotating discs are gripped by caliper squeezing
  the disc.
• Discs are drilled for airflow to keep temperature
  down.
• Front and rear braking systems are connected
  separately

18
Steering wheel and pedals

• A sophisticated steering wheel with all the
  information available.
• On the front of the wheel items such as rev
  lights, speed limit button, fuel mixture
  controls, radio buttons etc. are provided.
• Levers for changing gears are located on the back
  of the wheel.
• Pedals are designed specifically for each driver.
• Only 2 pedals are available- for acceleration and
  for braking.

19
1. Regulates front brakes 2 .Regulates rear
brakes 3 .Rev Shift lights 4 5. Lap time
display 6 .Neutral gear buttons 7. Display for
Gear, engine RPM, water oil temperatures 8
.Engine cut-off switch 9 .Place to add small map
of track with sector breakdowns 10. Activates
drink bottle pump 11 .Brake balance selector 12
.Manual activation of fuel door 13 .Air / fuel
mix selector 14 .Power steering servo
regulator 15 .Specific car program recall 16
.Engine mapping selector 17 .Selection 'enter'
key 18 .Electronic throttle regulators 19 .Change
menus on display 20 .Pits to car radio
activation 21 .Pit lane speed limiter activation
20

• Each part costs
• PARTS AMOUNT SINGLE PRICE () AMOUNT
  NEEDED TOTAL ()
• Monocoque 112 360
  1
  112,360
• Bodywork 8026
  1
  8,026
• Rear Wing 12842
  1
  12,842
• Front Wing 16051
  1
  16,051
• Engine 240770
  1
  240,770
• Gearbox 128411
  1
  128,411
• Gear Ratios (set) 112360
  1
  112,360
• Exhaust System 9631
  1
  9,631
• Telemetry 128411
  1
  128,411
• Fire Extinguisher 3210
  2
  6,420
• Brake Discs 964
  4
  3,856
• Brake Pads 642
  8
  5,136
• Brake Callipers 16051
  4
  64,205
• Wheels 1124
  4
  4,496
• Tyres 642
  4
  2,568
• Shock Absorber 2087
  4
  8,346
• Pedals (set) 1605
  1
  1,605

In addition to the build costs, thousands of
pounds will be spent on designing the car. Design
costs include the making of models, using the
wind tunnel and paying crash test expenses etc.
The cost of producing the final product will be
7,700,000
21
Random facts about f1

• In an f1 engine revving at 18000rpm, piston
  travels up and down 300 times a second.
• If a connecting rod let go of its piston at max
  speed, the piston would have enough energy to
  travel vertically over 100 metres.
• If a water hose were to blow off, complete
  cooling system would empty in just over a second.
• F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks.
• F1 car has as many as 8 radios operating at a
  time.

22
Conclusion

• The cars engine, suspension, aerodynamics, tyres
  etc determine how fast they go.
• The engineering of materials, cooling system,
  aerodynamics and high temperature structural
  stiffness of f1 components is leading edge
  technology.
• Getting the car tuned up and keeping it in a
  state of perfection are 2 of the teams most
  important tasks during a season.

23

• 
  THANK YOU