??The concept, scope and theory of creative thinking.

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Creative Thinking

• ??The concept, scope and theory of creative
  thinking.
• Creative personality.

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Etimology

• Creare (to create) krainein (to fulfill).
• 16, 17 18 century (sciences, art, literature,
  poem, novel etc.).
• 19th century - Creatum/Create (to produce/to
  make) (the finished product) vs (an ongoing
  process).

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Creativity Create gt creativity creative
thinking Creative thinking is the ability to
bring something of new existence. (Websters
Dictionary 1976) Creativity is the making of new
and rearranging of the old. (Mike Vance,
1995) Being creative is seeing the same thing as
everybody else but thinking of something
different. (Wycoff, 1995) Something or some
process that is original, novel, newly thought
of, and in some cases as being useful. (Amabile,
1999)
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• Looking at what everybody else is looking but
  thinking of what nobody else has thought
  (A.S Goyrgy)
• Bringing together ideas that were previously
  unrelated
• The process of producing something is both
  original worthwhile
• (Sternberg, 1996)
• Bringing together ideas that were previously
  unrelated
• David Perkins (1996)
• An idea is creative if that person (the creator)
  could not have had that idea before.
• Margaret Boden (1990)
• Creativity is the ability to produce work that
  is novel (original, unexpected), high in quality
  and appropriate (Lubart, 1994 Osche 1990
  Sternberg 1999)
• Creativity is extra/ordinary, original and
  fitting, full-filling, in(ter)ventive,
  co-coperative, un/conscious, fe/male,
  recreation. (Rob Pope, 2005)

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CREATIVE THINKING CRITICAL THINKING ORDINARY
THINKING
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Creativity approaches

• Mystical approaches
• Pragmatic approaches
• Psychodynamic approaches
• Psychometric approaches
• Cognitive approaches
• Social-personality approaches
• Confluence approaches
• (Sternberg Lubart, 1999)

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Mystical approaches

• Associate to mystical belief and spirituality
  e.g. Daemon inside the writers pen.
• Creative person empty vessel (a divine would
  fill with inspiration).
• Without scientific spirit.

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Pragmatic approaches

• Lacking of (or no) scientific study
  (psychological theory) while focus on the
  commercial success.
• e.g. Edward de Bono who concern on the practice,
  not the theory, Osborn (brainstorming), von Oech
  (role adopting) etc.

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Edward de Bono (1)

• Popular with ideas and concepts of lateral
  thinking (vs. vertical thinking), PMI, PO
  (provocative operation hypothesis, suppose,
  possible poetry), Six Hats (green hat gt
  creative).
• de Bono Do not ever say TINA (there is no
  alternatives).

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Edward de Bono (2)

• Books
• I am Right You Are Wrong (1990).
• Handbook for the Positive Revolution (1991).
• Six Action Shoes (1992).
• Serious Creativity (1992).
• Sur/petition (1992) etc.

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Psychodynamic approaches

• Creativity arises from the tension between
  conscious reality and unconscious drives.
• However it is still lacking of scientific spirit,
  more rely on case study.

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Psychometric approaches

• Unusual Uses Test, Torrance Tests of Creative
  Thinking etc.

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Cognitive approaches
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Social-personality approaches
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Confluence approaches
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Creativity exercises

• List 20 usages of
• paper clip
• ball-pen.
• Anagram games.

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Creativity IQ

• Many creative persons have average IQs no
  correlation between intelligence and
  creativity.

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Creativity academic achievement (1)

• Extensive scientific studies since 1960s.
• Getzel Jackson (1958, 1962) High creative
  high IQ overachieve for their intelligence.
• Influences of gender, SES, nature of creativity
  academic avhievement, intelligence.

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Creativity academic achievement (2)

• Cicirelli (1965) The relationship between
  creativity and academic achievement was LOW.

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Creativity families (1)

• Major scope of variables (time-base development)
  Family tree/genetic, family history (parental
  loss, family crises etc.) and family climate
  (parenting style etc.).
• No clear evident on heritability of creativity.
• Writers, in particular, sought less social
  companionship as children.

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Creativity families (2)

• Family history findings Father loss, firstborn,
  humor and play at home etc.
• Family climate findings Unisex role,
  distressful family, independence from parent
  (especially mother) etc.
• Csikszentmihalyi Even 20 females 30 males of
  subjects loss father, families supported
  nurtured childrens self- confidence. Families
  families exposed them to a stimulating rich
  environment.

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TYPES of CREATIVITY
H Creativiti (C)(20 40 years old)S
Creativity (c) Boden (1998)
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• BIG C
• Sublime creativity
• Kreativiti agung
• Kreativiti primer

• Small c
• Everyday creativity
• Minor creativity

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FUNCTION of CREATIVITY
IDEA
DISCOVERY
INNOVATION
DECISION MAKING
INVENTION
PROBLEM SOLVING
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Pseudo creativity
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SOURCES of CREATIVITY

• GOD
• Knowledge
• Experiences skills
• Readings
• Environment
• Creative figures

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Csikszentmihalyi What we call creativity is
constructed through and interaction between
producers and audiences. Creativity is not the
product of single individuals, but of social
systems making judgements about individuals
product.
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The word success is an ambiguous word. Success
with respect to the outside? Or success with
respect to oneself? And if it is a success with
respect to the outside, then how do you evaluate
it? Very often outside success is irrelevant,
wrong, and misplaced. So how can one talk about
it? Externally, you may think I am successful
because people write about some aspects of my
work. But that is an external judgment. And I
have no idea as to how to value that
judgment. Success is not one of my motives.
Because success stands in contrast to failure.
But not worthwhile effort in ones life is either
a success or a failure. What do you mean by
success? You take a problem and you want to solve
it. Well, if you solve it, in a limited sense it
is a success. But it may be a trivial problem. So
a judgment about success is not something about
which Ive ever been serious about in any sense
whatever. (Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the
Nobel laureate physicist American he wrote
The Mathematically Theory of Black Holes (1983),
Truth and Beauty Aesthetics and Motivations in
Science (1987) etc.)
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Creative personality (1)

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality by Frank
  Barron (1969).
• The Psychoticism Scale of the Eysenck
  Personality Questionnaire by Eysenck (1995).
• Robert Alan Black and 32 Traits of Creative
  People.

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Creative personality (2)

• John Bardeen.
• Bill Gates.
• etc.