Muscular System

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Muscular System

• Tracie Haan
• M.E. Meyerhofer
• Chelsea Friesen

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Muscular System Physiology

• 4 main functions of the muscles
• Produces movement
• Maintain posture
• Reinforces and stabilizes joints
• Generates heat

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Muscle Types

• There are three main
• muscle types
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

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Skeletal Muscles

• The four primary functions of skeletal muscles
• Movement
• Posture
• Support
• Heat regulation
• Controlled under somatic nervous system
• Voluntarily Controlled
• Striated
• Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones
• by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons.

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Skeletal Muscle Structure

• Skeletal Muscle Cells (myocytes)
• myoblasts
• Myofibrils
• Skeletal Muscles
• Belly
• Fascia
• Epimysium
• Perimysium
• Endomysium
• Muscle Fiber (Cell)
• Tendon

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Skeletal Muscles

• Major Muscles

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Mechanics Of Movements Demo
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Cardiac Muscles

• Two types of cardiac cells
• Electrical and myocardial
• Heats contracts rhythmically the whole life of an
  organism.
• Autonomically controlled, involuntary muscle,
  polarized
• Striated
• Cardiac muscles are auto-rhythmic
• Muscles contract even in the absence of neuronal
  innervation (pacemaker cells)

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Smooth Muscles

• All involuntary actions within body with
  exception to the heart
• 2 types
• Visceral smooth muscle
• Multiunit smooth muscle
• No striations due to the absence of sarcomeres
• Some smooth muscle areas include
• the walls of the viscera, iris of the eye,
  urinary tract and blood vessels.
• Stimulate movement such as peristalsis

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Common Muscular Diseases

• Muscular Dystrophy-
• Group of genetic disorders
• Muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue
• Gets worse over time
• No cure
• Sprains and Strains-
• Sprain-
• Stretched or torn ligament
• Ligaments connect bones at the joints
• Strain-
• Stretched or torn tendon or muscle
• Tendons connect the muscle to the bone

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Common Muscular Diseases

• Myositis-
• Inflammation of muscle fibers
• Swelling of skeletal muscles
• Group of diseases
• Causes muscle weakness and degeneration

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Contraction and Relaxation Lab
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Sources

• http//www.livestrong.com/article/261129-smooth-mu
  scle-structure/
• http//www.andrews.edu/schriste/Course_Notes/Anat
  omy__Physiology__and_Elect/anatomy__physiology__an
  d_elect.html
• http//nursingcrib.com/anatomy-and-physiology/anat
  omy-and-physiology-muscular-system/
• http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH000217
  2/
• http//www.livestrong.com/article/83692-common-mus
  cular-diseases/
• http//healthmad.com/medicine/human-muscular-syste
  m/