Lung Cancer

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Lung Cancer
Unhealthy lung
Healthy lung

• By Sofia Ahsanuddin, Rahima Khatun, Alima
  Choudhary, and Ashley Bhola

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What is lung cancer?

• Lung cancer is the leading cancer in America that
  kills both men and women. Approximately 173,000
  new cases of lung cancer and an estimated 160,440
  deaths from lung cancer occur in the United
  States annually.
• There are two major types of lung cancer.
  Non-small lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer

A microscopic image of lung cancer
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What is non-small lung cancer and what is
small-cell lung cancer?

• Non-small lung cancer is much more common than
  any other type of cancer. It usually spreads to
  different parts of the body faster than
  small-cell lung cancer.
• Squamous call carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large
  cell carcinoma are three types of non-small cell
  lung cancer.

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Normal structure and functions of the respiratory
system
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Continued

• Air can enter through the nose into the pharynx.
  The pharynx branches into two tubes, one of the
  being the larynx, the tube that leads to the
  lungs. The larynx consists of the vocal cords.
• The larynx guards the entrance to a larger tube
  called the trachea, or the windpipe. The trachea
  is the passageway for air traveling from the
  larynx to the lungs.
• The trachea splits into two branches called
  bronchi. One bronchus connects to one lung. Each
  bronchus branches into smaller tubes called
  bronchioles. These bronchioles form tiny air sacs
  called alveoli.

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The cause of lung cancer

• Lung cancer is caused mostly by lifestyle
  choices. Because many people choose to smoke,
  they are often diagnosed with lung cancer. 85-90
  of people who are diagnosed with lung cancer have
  smoked earlier in their life. Up to 80 of female
  lung cancer patients have smoked.
• Other than getting diagnosed with lung cancer by
  poor choices, people can inherit lung cancer from
  their parents.

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Symptoms of Lung Cancer

• A chronic severe cough that does not go away.
• Chest, shoulders and back pain that does not go
  away and often gets worse with deep breathing.
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Hoarseness
• Coughing blood and bloody sputum.
• Swollen in the neck and face.
• Difficult to swallow.
• Weight loss and loss of appetite
• increasing fatigue and weakness
• Recurring respiratory infections, such as
  pneumonia.
• Clubbing of the fingers and toes.

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Structures of the respiratory system that are
affected by Lung cancer

• The pharynx, larynx and the trachea are affected
  by lung cancer because the patient cannot breathe
  deeply and the patient wheezes. The patient has a
  hoarse voice and has increasing fatigue. The
  patient has difficulty swallowing. Of course the
  lungs are affected because a tumor grows in the
  lungs and disables the patient to breathe deeply
  without coughing or wheezing.

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How are the respiratory system and the
circulatory system interdependent?
Red blood cells called erythrocytes transport
oxygen to cells throughout the body. When a human
body takes a breath, the oxygen inhaled enters
the lungs. In the lungs, the oxygen molecules
attach themselves to the hemoglobin molecules
inside the erythrocytes and then transport
themselves to cells all over the body. once the
cells use the oxygen transported to them in the
first place, the carbon dioxide they produce are
then transported back to the lungs and exhale.

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Treatment for lung cancer

• First of all, there are many treatments for lung
  cancer. You can either get medication for it,
  have surgery to remove the tumor that develops,
  or you can use chemotherapy and/or radiation.

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Lung Cancer Surgery

• Four basic types for lung cancer surgery.
• Lobectomy part of the lung called a lobe is
  removed. The surgeon will also remove some lymph
  nodes to check for any signs of cancer.
• Pneumonectomy The surgeon will remove the entire
  cancerous lung.
• Wedge resection removal of small section, or a
  wedge of the lung.
• Thoracoscopic resection The tumor and a layer of
  the healthy lung surrounding the tumor are
  removed.

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Lung Cancer Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy

• Radiation Therapy high energy x-ray that kills
  cancer cells. It is also used in combination with
  chemotherapy and surgery.
• Chemotherapy The use of drugs that are able to
  kill cancer cells for patients with more advanced
  cancer. It can be injected directly into a vein
  in combination with surgery or radiation therapy.
  

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Public Service Announcement

• Smoking during pregnancy is responsible for
  20-30 of low birth weight babies.
• As much as 14 of pre-term deliveries are a
  result of the mother's smoking.
• Smoking accounts for 10 of all infant deaths.
• Would you put a cigarette into your babys
  mouth? No? Well, thats the same as making your
  baby smoke when you smoke during pregnancy. Its
  something to think about.

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Bibliography

• http//www.cancercenter.com/lung-cancer/surgery.cf
  m
• http//www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?cdvLUK9O0Eb3
  5427whatis
• http//www.uhnresearch.ca/studies/lungscreening/fl
  ash/Lung_cancer.swf
• http//www.blogs.orlandosentinel.com/features_heal
  thblog/ 2007/02/nonsmoking_wome.html
• www.joanslegacy.org/news_bulletin.html