Title: Hand Tools
1Hand Tools
2Definition
- Hand tools can be described as any device placed
in the hand and powered by hand to complete tasks
and help make a task easier, more efficient
and/or safer.
3Four Hand Tool Safety Principles
- Selection
- Use
- Care
- Storage
4Hand Tool Safety
- Hand tools are often underrated as sources of
potential danger. - Hand tools may look harmless, but they are the
cause of many injuries. - Eight (8) percent of all workplace compensable
injuries are caused by incidents associated with
hand tools. - Injuries can include sever disabilities.
- Proper evaluation of a hand tools may include
characteristics such as the task, tool,
workstation, and end-user.
5Types of Injuries
- Cuts, abrasions, amputations, and punctures.
Hand tools are designed to cut or move metal and
wood, remember what a single slip can do to
fragile human flesh.
Repetitive motion injuries.
Using the same tool in the same way all day long,
day after day, can stress human muscles and
ligaments. Carpal tunnel syndrome (inflammation
of the nerve sheath in the wrist) and injuries to
muscles, joints and ligaments are increasingly
common if the wrong tool is used, or the right
tool is used improperly.
Continuous vibration
Causes numbness or poor circulation in hands and
arms.
Flying chips of wood or metal are a common
hazard, often causing needless and permanent
blindness.
Eye injuries.
Broken bones and bruises
Tools can slip, fall from heights, or even be
thrown by careless employees, causing severe
injuries. A hammer that falls from a ladder is a
lethal weapon.
6Injury Examples
1. Loss of eye/vision
Using striking tools without eye protection.
2. Puncture wounds
Using a screwdriver with a loose handle which
causes the hand to slip.
3. Severed fingers, tendons and arteries
Dull knife
4. Broken bones
Using the wrong hammer for the job and smashing a
finger.
5. Contusions
Using a small wrench for a big job and bruising a
knuckle.
7Hand Tool Safety Principles
- Safety is a state of mind. Always think when
using a tool. - Every tool was designed to do a certain job. Use
it for its intended purpose. - Keep your tools in good condition sharp, clean,
oiled, dressed and not abused. - Worn tools are more dangerous.
- Tools subject to impact tend to "mushroom, keep
them dressed. - Use tool holders.
- Do not force tools beyond their capacity or use
"cheaters" to increase their capacity. - Secure your work in a vise whenever possible.
- Chisels, screwdrivers or other pointed tools
should never be carried in clothing pockets. - Cutting tools should be kept sharp to ensure good
smooth cutting. Always use proper handles. - Drill Bits should be kept sharp, not dull,
chipped, rounded, or tapered.
8Hand Tool Safety--cont.
- 12. Screwdriver points should not be badly worn
and handles should be in good condition. - Wrenches, if adjustable, must work freely and
adjust properly. - Always wear the PPE required for the job.
- Cut in a direction away from your body.
- Keep close track of tools when working at
heights. A falling tool can kill a co-worker. - Pass a tool to another person by the handle
never toss it to them.
9Selection of Hand Tools
- The correct tool must be selection for the job.
- Improves longevity of tool.
- Reduced chance of injury to operator.
- Improved quality of results.
- The correct tool is one that was designed for the
work. - You should not use a hatchet to chop down a large
tree. - A hammer should not be used with a plastic
handled wood chisel. - A screwdriver is not a pry bar.
- The correct tool is also one that fits the hands
and abilities of the user. - Higher quality of construction will lead to
longer life and higher quality of work.
10Use of Hand Tools
- Because the working part of many hand tools are
close to the hands and other body parts, correct
uses is important. - Always cut away from body
- Use two hands if tool is designed for it.
- Keep hands clean and especially free of oil or
other slick substances - Insure handles are tight
- Keep focus on the activity.
- Each hand tool was designed for a specific
purpose. Not using it for that purpose
constitutes misuse/abuse, which increases the
risk associated with its use.
11Care
- Many hand tools are precision devices and should
be cared for according. - Steel must be protected from rusting.
- Wooden parts must be protected from water.
- Dulled edges must be sharpened.
- Rivets, screws, etc. must be kept tight.
- Handles should be tightened when loose.
- Wooden handles should be replaced when cracked.
- Dont place tools on concrete floor.
12Storage
- The goal of storage should be to maintain the
condition of the tool. - Hand tools that are organized and stored
correctly are easier to find, harder to damage,
and easier for students to put back when they are
done. - Cutting edges must be protected from contact with
hard surfaces. - Tools must stored so that hand does not contact
sharp points and edges when removing the tool
from storage. - Organize tools by subject matter area.
- Lock tool storage when not being used.
13Tool classification
- It is a common practice to classify hand tools by
their function. - Agricultural Mechanics--Fundamentals and
Applications - 1. Layout and measuring
- 2. Cutting
- 3. Boring
- 4. Driving
- 5. Holding
- 6. Turning
- 7. Digging
- 8. Other
141. Layout and Measuring Tools
- Layout and measuring tools may be measurement
transfer tools or have scales for determining
distances. - Transfer tools are used to transfer a measurement
from one point to another. - May not know or care what the dimension is
- Dividers
- Calipers
- T-bevel
- Measuring tools have a scale that can be used to
determine a dimension, distance, or angle. - US tools use fractional scales. Must know how to
add and subtract fractions. - Rules
- Squares
- Measuring tapes
152. Cutting tools
- Cutting tools are used to cut, chop, saw, or
otherwise remove material by shaping. - Saws
- Chisels
- Planes
- Axes
- Cutters
16Cutting Tools-cont.
- Three common principles of cutting tools.
- Two (2) types of edges, three (3) shapes
- The best cutting angle is determined by the
hardness of the material. - The correct speed of cutting is determined by the
hardness of the material.
17Cutting Tools-cont.
- Types 2 Bevels and 3 Shapes (6 possible
combinations) - Single bevel used to make fine slices or cuts
- Double bevel used to chop or make courser cuts
- Straight shape general purpose shape Coarse cuts
but more durable cutting edge - Concave shape finer, more accurate cuts, less
durable edge - Convex edges Very durable edge, combination of
cutting and splitting - Hollow ground shape is a combination of two
shapes
18Cutting--cont.
- The best cutting angle is determined by the
hardness of the material. - The harder the material--the smaller the cut
- Requires small chip clearance
- The softer the material--the larger the cut
- Requires larger chip clearance
- The correct speed of cutting is determined by the
hardness of the material. - The harder the material the slower the speed
- The softer the material the higher the speed
- Note All cutting tools are designed to cut
material that is harder than skin and flesh.
193. Boring Tools
20Questions