Gene Regulation

1
Gene Regulation
2
Levels of Regulation

• DNA rearrangement
• Immune System rearranges DNA
• Bacteria can change DNA in chromosomes
• Not as common as other methods

3
Transcriptional Regulation

• Regulate RNA polymerase starting transcription
• Splicing choices can regulate gene expression
• MRNA stability How fast MRNA degrades, can
  protect it with regulator

4
Translational Regulation

• Wrap up RNA so it cant get to Ribosome
• Microrna 21 base pair sequences interfere with
  translation of MRNA

5
Post-Translational Regulation

• Activate with enzyme
• Mitochondria

6
Most Important

• Transcriptional Regulation is most important
• 80 of red blood cells is alpha or betaglobin
• Describe Lac Operon in E Coli

7
E Coli

• Bacteria would like glucose to grow on
• Glucose -gtATP-gtEnergy
• Lactose if it cant find glucose
• Uses beta-galactosidase to break down Lactose
  into glucose
• In the presence of Lactose, 10 of proteins will
  be Beta-gal
• Cant keep that level in absence of beta-gal or
  selection would favor more efficient system
• lactose permease allows Lactose to enter cell

8
Lac Operon
Promoter
LacZ
LacY
LacA
PLac
B-gal
Permease
LacI
Promoter
PI
Lac Repressor
9
Cell Function