Key Components of a Drilling System

1
Rotary Drilling Review

• Key Components of a Drilling System
• Hoisting
• Rotating
• Circulating
• Power
• Hoisting System includes
• Derrick/Mast
• Draw works
• Drilling line

2
Rotary Drilling Review

• Mast and derricks
• Support the weight of the traveling and crown
  blocks
• Support the drill pipe when out of the hole
• Mast portable unit
• Derrick permanent frame
• Blocks (Crown and Traveling)
• Crown sits on top of derrick/mast, Never moves
• Traveling - moves up and down. Swivel connected
  to drill string hangs from hook attached to the
  block.

3
Rotary Drilling Review

• Draw works
• Largest and heaviest component on the rig
• Houses the drum and the drilling line
• Raises and lowers the traveling block and drill
  string
• Tongs
• Used to make-up (screw together) the drill pipe
  and drill collars

4
Rotary Drilling Review

• The Rotating System
• Swivel
• Hangs from traveling block by a hook
• Supports the drill string
• Inside rotates
• Allows everything below it to rotate
• Kelly
• Square or hexagon pipe that rotates the drill
  string and the bit
• Attaches to the bottom of the swivel
• Fits into the kelly bushing
• Kelly bushing fits into master bushing part of
  the rotary table
• Rotating kelly turns the drill bit

5
Rotary Drilling Review

• Slip
• Placed on the pipe to prevent it from falling
  into the hole.
• Gripping dies (teeth) keep the pipe from falling
• Drilling Assembly
• Drill pipe, drill collars, drill bit
• Drill pipe 30 long section of pipe.
• Drill collars put weight on the bit. Larger in
  diameter and thicker than drill pipe
• Drill bits picked based upon the hardness of
  the rock
• 3 types Roller cone, Diamond, Hybrid

6
Rotary Drilling Review

• Circulating Equipment
• Mud Pumps circulate drilling mud in the hole
• Mud stored in steel tanks mud pits
• Shale Shaker vibrating screens that separate
  the mud from the drill cuttings
• Desander/Desilter removes solids from the mud
  that were too small and fell through the shale
  shaker.
• Drilling Mud
• Removes cuttings
• Cools and lubricates the bit
• Prevents fluids from entering the well
• Builds wall cake to prevent caving

7
Rotary Drilling Review

• Mud Engineer responsible for monitoring the mud
• Viscosity ability to carry cuttings
• Weight ability to prevent fluids from entering
  the well
• Filtration rate ability to build wall cake
• Solids effects the penetration rate of the bit.
• Power
• Prime Movers
• Internal combustion engines
• Diesel (Most common)
• Others - Natural gas, LPG, electric

8
Questions

1. What are the 4 major components of the drilling
   system?
2. Describe the difference between a derrick and a
   mast.
3. What is the difference between the crown block
   and the traveling block?
4. What are the major pieces of rotating equipment
   on a Rotary Table system?
5. Describe the function of the slips
6. When making a connection while drilling, what is
   the function of the tongs?
7. What is a section of pipe called?
8. Which is heavier, a joint of drill pipe or a
   joint of drill collars?
9. What is the special grease called? What is its
   purpose?
10. Describe how a roller cone bit operates
11. Why is drilling mud important?
12. Describe the roll of a mud engineer.