Prokaryotic Diversity

1
Prokaryotic Diversity

• 18 Phyla?
• Phyla uncultured
• Aquiflex most phylogenetic ancient
• Thermophiles ancient?

2
Fig. 15-1
Deferribacter
Cytophaga
Flavobacteria
Spirochetes
Planctomyces/ Pirellula
Verrucomicrobia
Green sulfur bacteria
Green sulfur bacteria
Deinococci
Green nonsulfur bacteria
Chlamydia
Cyanobacteria
Thermotoga
Actinobacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Thermodesulfobacterium
Nitrospira
?
?
Aquifex
?
Proteobacteria
?
?
3
Proteobacteria

• Largest and most metabolically diverse

4
Purple Sulfur Bacteria

• Use Hydrogen sulfide
• a, ß, ? subdivisions

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Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria

• Photoheterotrophy
• Aerobic respiration

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Nitrifying bacteria

• Chemolithotrophs
• Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter

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Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

• Thiobacillus, Beggiatoa
• Sulfuric acid produced

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Methanotrophs
Anaerobic Archaea not bacteria
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Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs Pseudomonas and
pseudomonads
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Pseudomonads Common genera Pseudomonas,
Xanthomonas, Burkholderia, Gluconobacter Metabolic
ally diverse -100 substrates Plant and human
pathogens Fluorescent - burn patients Burkholderi
a - ganders Xanthomonas soft root
vegetables Zymomonas Ferments Alcohol
production in the tropic
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Acetic Acid Bacteria
Acetobacter, Gluconobacter Alcohol ? Acetic acid
and Cellulose?
12
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Azotobacter, Beijerinckia Nitrogenase is oxygen
sensitive Cysts, capsule, and poly-ß-hydroxybuytra
te
13
Neisseria and Relatives
Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Chromobacterium,
Moraxella Some human pathogens Most oxidase
positive
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Enteric Bacteria
Escherichia, Salmonella, Proteus,
Enterobacter Facultative anaerobes, peritrichous
flagella, Gut flora, human pathogens
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Escherichia
Universal inhabitant of warm blooded
animals Vitamin synthesis Rarely pathogenic
Salmonella and Shigella
Usually pathogenic Salmonella found in some cold
blood animals
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Proteus
swarming
Butandiol fermenters Enterobacter,
Klebsiella, Serratia
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Vibrio and Photobacterium
Oxidase positive Polar flagella Fermentative Aquat
ic Bioluminescent
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Rickettsia
Small intracellular parasites Human
diseases Arthropod vectors
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Morphologically Unusual Proteobacteria
Spirillum, Budding Bacteria, Sphaerotilus,
Bdellovibrio
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Gliding Myxobacteria
Form multicellular fruiting bodies Glide with
slime trails
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Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
40 genera Anaerobes Anaerobic respiration Desulfov
ibrio
22
Epsilonproteobacteria
Human Pathogens Campylobacter, Helicobacter Abunda
nt in the environment Hydrothermal
vents Epibionts of tube worm and shrimp
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Word List
Zymomonas Acetic acid bacteria Nitrogen fixing
bacteria Azotobacter Beijerinckia Neisseria Enteri
c Escherichia Salmonella Shigella Proteus Vibrio R
ickettsia
Aquiflexus 18-80 phyla Proteobacteria Purple
sulfur bacteria Purple non-sulfur
bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Sulfur oxidizing
bacteria Methanotrophs Pseudomonads Pseudomonas Fl
uorescent Xanthomonas
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Word list 2
Sphaerotilus Bdellovibrio Myxobacteria Desulfovibr
io Epsilonproteobacteria Epibionts