??????????????????????? (GMO: Genetic modified organism)

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• ?????????????????? ????? (GMO Genetic modified
  organism)
• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• 4. ????????????????GMO?

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5. ?????????? (GMF Genetic modiied food) 6.
?????????????? 7. ??????????????? ????? 8.
????????? ????????
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GMO (Genetic modified organism)
?????????????,??????? ???????,????????,???? ??????
?
??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????
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???"????"(????)

• ???????,?????????
• ?????
• 1998??58?? 2025??80??(38)
• ???????????????
• 3. ????????

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?????????
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• ??????????????
• 1. ???(???????????) ??? ??????,??????????.
• 2. ???(?????????) ????,? ??????.
• 3. ??? (???????)??????? ???,????,?flavar
  savar??.

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• ???(????????) ????????
• ???,????????,?????????.
• ???(????????) ?????(eddible
• vacine),???????,??????????
• ??????,???????.
• ??? ?????????????????.
• ?? ?????????,????????
• ?????(phytoremediation).(????)

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????????????????(??)
1994 1997 2002 1994-97 1997-02
?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???
20 405 2030 173
38 ???? ??? 80 225
405 47
12 ??? ??? 35 65 110
23 11 ??
107 180 340 19
14 ?? 242 875
2885 53 27
(?????)
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The most important traits of worldwide grown
transgenic crops
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(source Science 2861663, 1999).
 
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Trends in transgenic Acreage
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??????????
(http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/) Harvest of
fears ----FRONTLINE/NOVA
1. ???????? (1) ???????????. (2)
???????????????????. (3) ???????????????.
(4) ???????????. 2. ???????? (1)
??????????????. (2) ??????????????(Super
weed) ???.
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(3) GMO????????,??????? ??. (soil
erosion). 3. ???????? (1)
???????????,??????? ???????.
(2)????????,?????????. (3)???????,???????. 4.
???????? (1)????????,???????.
(2)???????,??????????.
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• GM???????????????
• ?????
• Dr. Arpud pusztai???
• GM?????????????
• ???(Monarch butterfly)???
• ????????????????
• ???????????
• ???Oxaca, ??????????

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??Bt??????? ????????
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??????? ????
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???????????????? ---???????/?????? 1.????(substa
ntial equivalence) ??????????????????,
????,?????????,????? ????????,??????????
???????????. 2.???(allergen) 3.???(toxicity) 4.
????(selectable marker)
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??????????? 1. ?????? ? PCR(DNA???????)
QC (quantitation-competetive) PCR
multiplex-PCR. DNA-chip (DNA??) 2.
??????? ?ELISA(????????) western blot
analysis (????????)?. 3. ??????????
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PCR?ELISA?????
?? PCR ELISA ???? DNA ??? ????
DNA?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???
0.01-0.1 0.5-1 ???????? ?? ??? ????
?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????
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NOS 3
petunia
35S promoter
CP4 EPSPS
EPSPS
terminator
double 35S
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GMO product (Company), method Reference
Target sequences (gene) Potato B33-INV L
24.01-01 (1996) aphIV (hygromycin
phosphotransferase) Potato B33 (alterd starch
composition) Hassan-Hauser, Mayer H. ortner,
1998 nptII, gbss-as B33, T-DNA FlavrSavrä
tomato (Calgene) Meyer, 1995b nptII,
d-P-35S/polygalacturonase Tomato (Zeneca )
EU-project'' Polygalacturonase/nos
30 Screening method (applicable to most GMO
Pietsch, Waiblinger, Brodman Wurz, 1997 nptII,
P-35S, nos 30 crops approved for food
use) Validation Brodmann et al., 1997 P-35S,
nos 30 EC-ringtest Lipp, EC Joint Research
Center, Italy P-35S, nos 30 Roundup Readyä
Soybeans (Monsanto) Wurz Willmund, 1997
P-35S/CTP-EPSPS Validation L 23.01.22-1
(1998) P-35S/CTP-EPSPS Meyer Jaccaud, 1997
P-35S/CP4 EPSPS, P-35S/ CTP-EPSPS K.
oppel, Stadler, L. uthy H. ubner, 1997
P-35S/CP4 EPSPS, CTP-EPSPS/ CP4
EPSPS Van Duijn, Hessing, Van Der Kamp,
P-35S, nos 30 , CP4 EPSPS/nos 30 1997a Van
Duijn, van Biert, Bleeker- Marcelis, Vlooswijk
Hessing H. ortner, 1997 CP4 EPSPS/nos
30 Maximizer'' maize, Bt-176 (Novartis) Ehlers
et al., 1997 Synth., truncated cryIA(b), bla,
bar, P-35S/ bar Studer, Dahinden, L.
uthy H. ubner, 1997 Synth., truncated
CryIA(b) Hupfer, Hotzel, Sachse, Engel, 1997
Synth., truncated CryIA(b) Hupfer et al.,
1998 P-CDPK/CryIA(b) Brodmann, 1998
P-PEP-C/CryIA(b) Bt-11'' maize (Novartis)
Ahl Goy, 1998 Synth., truncated
CryIA(b) Liberty Link'' maize, T25 H. ochst,
Schering, AgrEvo, 1998 Synthetic PAT,
P-35S/bla Yield Gard'' maize (Monsanto)
Synthetic PAT, Synth., truncated
CryIA(b), P-35S
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????Roundup ready (RR)?????
??DNA
Screening PCR ??35S????????(35S1/3
5S2)
???
??
??DNA ??Lecithin?????
??RR??????? (GM07/GM08)
???
??
??
???
??RR?? ?????
RR??
?RR??,?? ??DNA
???? DNA
????? ??????
??
??
???
RR??,??
?RR??,???
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Quantitative competitive PCR for the detection
of GMO in food
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??????????????? 2000?1?26-29?,
??????(montreal) ?????????(CBD Conference of the
Parties to the Convention on Biological
Diversity) ???????(Biosafety Protocol) ??????????
(LMOs Living Modified Organisms)??????????,????
????????????? ????????????.
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Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?????
(1)????(precautionary principle)????? ???????????
???,??????? ?,???????????????????? ?????,?????????
???????. (2)??????????,???????
LMOS ?????,??????????LMOs,?? ????????????????.
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(3)??WTO????????????. WTO?SPS(?????????????? ??
??????????????????? ???????,??????????.? ?????????
??,???????? ??????????????, ?????????,??? ?????,??
????.
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???GMO??????????
USDA GMO????? ?????. FDAGMO??,??? ??????. EPA
?????? (?GMO??????? ???).
(???)
(???)
(???? ???)
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??????(GMO)???????
 
 
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