Title: A Study Of Petroleum-Natural Gas Legislation
1A Study Of Petroleum-Natural Gas Legislation
- WANG MingYuan, XIAO Jing ZHANG ZhiJun
- Center for Environmental, Natural Resources
Energy Law, Tsinghua Law School
2Basic Considerations
- Law on petroleum and natural gas is a kind of
special law on special objects. We have to take
their specific characteristics into
consideration, as well as the distinction and
connection with mining law. - Its necessary to analyze the multiple objectives
of petroleum and natural gas law and to discuss
how to achieve them with specific institutional
arrangements. - (The multiplicity of objectives decides the
diversity and complexity of legal means. )
3Relations between Petroleum Law and Natural Gas
Law
- Traditional Concepts Modus Operandi
- The two used to be integrated. Its generally
held that the term of petroleum in Petroleum
Law includes both petroleum and natural gas. - Reason
- There are many similarities between petroleum and
natural gas. And they come from the same source
(oil-gas field). The only difference lies in the
state One is liquid, the other is gaseous. - As a result, they also share many
similarities in legislation.
4Relations between Petroleum Law and Natural Gas
Law
- However, the tendency is to prescribe natural gas
independent of petroleum and to make up separate
Natural Gas Law. - Reason
- 1. The production of natural gas has greatly
increased. As an energy resource, natural gas
has become more and more important. It is not a
supplementary to petroleum any more. - 2. The difference between the natural gas and
petroleum industry has been more and more
apparent. - 3. Foreign experience in legislation has also
demonstrated that it is necessary to have
independent natural gas law. - the US Natural Gas Act, made in 1938
- the UK Petroleum and Natural Gas Law,
made in 1982 - Natural Gas Act, made in 1986
5Relations between Petroleum Law and Natural Gas
Law
- Main Contents
- First, introduction to petroleum law, which
includes objectives and systems that petroleum
law and natural gas law have in common - Second, analysis of some special problems of
natural gas law based on the specific
characteristics of natural gas - Third, a concise analysis of existing petroleum
and natural gas legal system framework, current
problems and several important problems to be
stressed in legislation
6Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
- Energy Cycle
- Exploration ---- Exploitation ---- Refinery
----Transport ----- Consumption - (mining) (deep-processing)(s
ervice industry)(marketing) - At every link of petroleum industry, both the
inherent characteristics of petroleum resource
and distinguishing features of different
processes have deep impact on relevant legal
system.
7Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Production Process
- The production process of petroleum is divided
into three periods exploration, drilling and
exploitation. - Exploration is just a guess at the possible
existence of certain energy resource. - Only drilling can prove whether there exists an
oil field.
8Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Production Process
- Impact of the limited survey techniques on law
- Geologists can only infer whether there is an oil
field by terrain analysis. All these inferences
are testified by drilling. However, drilling is
rather expensive. - Sure enough, developers want to control investing
direction and occasion and to disperse the risks,
all of which need legal support.
9Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Production Process
- Special embedding form of petroleum
- Neither reservoir nor pool is an exact word.
- Petroleum usually exists in the holes of special
ores and cannot exist independently. - Natural gas either exists in gaseous state or
dissolved in petroleum. Whats more , there is
salt water in it. As a result, it lies in the
bottom because of its specific gravity. - Petroleum and natural gas are so closely
connected that it is difficult to distinguish oil
field and gas field. And its also difficult to
prescribe them in the production process.
10Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Production Process
- The understanding of physical features of
petroleum has affected relevant legal system. - In the history of common law, judges judged
petroleum on the analogy of wildlife at first.
This led to two legal results - 1. Ownership system
- (Petroleum is separated from solid mineral
resources. The rule of from the sky to the
earths core was nullified. ) - 2. Application of the rule of capture in the
exploitation of petroleum
11Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Production Process
- With the improvement upon knowledge, people come
to know that petroleum resource has neither the
fixity that solid mineral resources have nor
the free mobility that wildlife has. It is
affected by mechanism of oilfield. - Mechanism of oilfield
- Oil well can dry out oilfield.
- What one obligee does on the oilfield has a great
impact on other obligees interests and the
development efficiency of the whole oilfield.
Accordingly, legislation on exploitation must
correspond to this geological rule. - US the practice of oil well certificate and oil
well demarcation
12Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Production Process
- The limitedness of petroleum resource also has an
impact on exploitation legislation.
requirement of energy conservation - Many states in the US have made out detailed laws
on energy conservation. Different from energy
conservation in the general sense, the US
legislation has classified the waste of energy
into two types
13Two types of energy waste in the US
Underground waste (incomplete exploitation)
Waste of energy
Physical waste
Overground waste (leak, combustion and so on)
Over low price (producing excessive oil and
unwise use)
Economic waste
Over high cost of investment
14Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Transport
- The greatest difference between the industry of
petroleum and natural gas is Transport. - Natural Gas
- Pipeline is the only mode of transport.
- Petroleum
- It can be transported by pipeline. Besides, it
can also be transported on land by truck and
railway and over sea by tanker. - In all the laws on petroleum, oil pipeline
companies have always been treated as common
carriers. But its not the case in natural gas.
The position of natural gas pipeline company has
changed greatly with the development of industry.
15Petroleum Law - the Energy Cycle of Petroleum
Consumption
- The end use of petroleum and natural gas is
different. - Petroleum products are mainly used as fuel used
in automobile, ships and aircraft. (traffic fuel) - According to American statistics, petroleum
occupies 97 of traffic energy in 1994 and 94 in
2015. - Natural gas is mainly used for heating, power
generation and industrial fuel. - The end users of natural gas are more dispersed.
As a result gas distribution is one special
link in the industry of natural gas.
16Necessity for Petroleum Legislation
- Specific characteristics of petroleum resource
- From the above analysis on energy cycle of
petroleum, we can see there are so many specific
characteristics in different links throughout the
petroleum industry that its necessary to make
special laws. - Strategic position of petroleum resource
- limited
- irreplaceable
17Necessity for Petroleum Legislation
- Range of adjustment of petroleum law and the
connection and distinction with mining law - 1. Mining law is aimed only at exploration and
exploitation of mineral resources. - The industry of petroleum includes exploration,
exploitation, processing, refining, storage and
transportation, supply and trade. Its identical
in space, continuous in time and inseparable in
content. Thus arise the necessity and feasibility
of a special law . - There is certain overlap between the two of
them in exploration and exploitation.
18Necessity for Petroleum Legislation
- 2. Even in exploration and exploitation,
petroleum has some characteristics different from
other mineral resources - Integrated
- large scale
- risky
- high technology
- high investment
19Basic Contents of Petroleum Law
- It must covers the overall process from
exploration to consumption. - It usually includes 5 parts
- Law on petroleum exploitation and production
- Law on petroleum refinery, supply imports and
exports - Law on petroleum policy
- Law on petroleum pipelines
- Law on petroleum companies
- Petroleum law has changed from a simple petroleum
mining law to a legal system based on petroleum
mining that combines multiple separate
regulations together.
20Multiple Objectives of Petroleum Law
- Efficiency
- Stability
- Safety
21Systems Promoting Efficient Utilization of
Petroleum(1/3)
- The system of property right
- Ownership of petroleum resource (usually owned by
the state) - Mining right of petroleum (bidding, competitive
leasing and contracting) - Refining right of petroleum (the right to refine
crude oil) - Storing and transporting right of petroleum (the
right to operate petroleum pipeline) - Supplying right of petroleum (the right to trade
petroleum at domestic market) - Importing and exporting right of petroleum (the
right to import and export crude oil and other
oil products)
22Systems Promoting Efficient Utilization of
Petroleum (2/3)
- Licensing system of petroleum industry
- All the mining right, refining right, storing and
transporting right, supplying right, importing
and exporting right of petroleum must be based on
license. (the basis for allocation of property
right) - The system consists of the subject, licensed
program, licensed principles, licensed
termination and cancellation, legal
responsibilities and relief. - The key is to solve the problems of administering
by law and in reason.
23Systems Promoting Efficient Utilization of
Petroleum (3/3)
- The system of technological innovation
- The purpose is to inspire, protect and boost
technological advancement, thus to promote the
efficient utilization of petroleum. - Backward technology
- technical supervision and elimination
- Common technology
- prescribed technical standards
- Advanced technology
- protection of intellectual property or incentive
policies (such as tax preference)
24Systems Promoting Stable Utilization of
Petroleum(1/4)
- The system of planned supply
- Under this system, government regulates the
demand and supply, production, imports and
exports, refinery and other important issues
through planning. - To ensure the safe, stable and reasonable supply
of petroleum - Applied to overall regulation and control under
normal conditions
25Systems Promoting Stable Utilization of Petroleum
(2/4)
- The system of petroleum supply adjustment
- Government gives direct instruction to the
subjects of title in petroleum industry according
to law and adjusts petroleum supply and demand to
stabilize the safe petroleum supply order. - Applicable conditions
- Great changes happening to the relations between
supply and demand of petroleum - Disorders happening to the circulation order of
petroleum - Applied to individual adjustment when petroleum
industry fluctuates.
26Systems Promoting Stable Utilization of
Petroleum(3/4)
- The system of compulsory petroleum supply
- Government adjusts the relations between supply
and demand of petroleum compulsorily according to
law. - Aimed at taking compulsory measures in case of
emergencies such as war, disaster or
international petroleum deterioration. This
system is taken when the system of petroleum
demand and supply adjustment is invalid. - Applied to serious emergencies
27Systems Promoting Stable Utilization of Petroleum
(4/4)
- The system of strategic petroleum reserves
- Under this system, government reserves a certain
amount of petroleum resource and product oil.
Without authorization, the reserve cannot be
used. - Aimed at the safe supply of petroleum in dealing
with emergencies - The variety and quantity of strategic petroleum
reserves must be able to sustain the countrys
economic development and satisfy the basic
demands of peoples daily life in a certain
period.
28Systems Promoting the Safe Utilization of
Petroleum
- The system of safe operation of petroleum
- Inflammable and explosive nature
- To guard personal safety
- The system of environmental protection of
petroleum - High polluting industry
- To protect environmental safety
29Others - Funding System in Petroleum Industry
- Under this system, government establishes special
fund according to law, which is used specifically
to promote the development of petroleum industry
under government authorization. - Aimed at stabilizing the supply and demand
relations and price of petroleum - This system can achieve the three objectives of
efficiency, stability and safety of petroleum
utilization at the same time.
30Others - Funding System in Petroleum Industry
- It mainly includes
- Special fund for exploration and exploitation
(efficiency) - Petroleum reserve fund (stability)
- Fund for damage subsidy (safety)
- Fund for storing and transporting facilities
construction (efficiency) - Fund for technological innovation (efficiency)
31Others - Funding System in Petroleum Industry
- Special fund for exploration and exploitation can
promote effective utilization of petroleum. - Necessity for the fund
- Petroleum and natural gas industry is not so
attractive to enterprise investment because of
its own characteristics deep embedding,
complicate conditions in forming a mine and risky
exploration - Petroleum production declines with the release of
stratum pressure, which makes it hard to discover
and increase backup reserve and makes it hard to
make the most of petroleum resource.
32Others - Funding System in Petroleum Industry
- The system of special fund for exploration and
exploitation includes - (1) The system of state fund for exploration and
exploitation - (2) The system of maintaining extracted oil
fields - (3) The system of oil-gas field exploitation
subsidy
33Special Problems With Natural Gas
- Natural gas is a special commodity. Its market
demand development must be based on networks. - This kind of network-dependent industry is of
three important distinctive features - 1. The market demand development and rate of
industrial development depend on the development
of network (infrastructure). - 2. The network construction needs continuous,
enormous investment, which is low in return, long
in payoff and risky in investment. - 3. The network is an economy of scale and scope
because of enormous investment. It belongs to
natural monopoly.
34Special Problems With Natural Gas
- In this field, there is a contradiction between
the economy of scale and scope and the
competitive mechanism of market. To achieve the
efficiency of the economy of scale and scope,
monopoly of market is sure to affect operating
efficiency To raise efficiency through market
competition, its sure to lose the efficiency
brought with the economy of scale and scope. - In the initial stage, the difficulty lies in how
to guarantee enough investment to construct
large-scale infrastructure When the industry
takes shape, the difficulty lies in how to
maintain the vitality of market competition and
achieve the efficiency of the economy of scale
and scope.
35A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- Natural Gas Act of 1938
- This act founded US Federal Power Commission
(FPC, the predecessor of Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission) to regulate the interstate
pipeline transportation of natural gas. The
Congress granted FPC to set fair and reasonable
price. But pit head price and intrastate natural
gas transportation and distribution were out of
FPCs supervision. - Problem Slow pipeline construction caused rapid
price fluctuation and supply shortage.
36A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- Supreme Courts Phillips Decision of 1954
- It ruled that supervision over pit head price
should be included in Natural Gas Act. - It established the natural gas supply structure
in the early stage. - producer-pipeline company-local
distribution company-end user - Prices at all the links of supply chain were
under supervision. - Problem The Decision got the price fluctuation
under control. However, the demand increased
because the set price was lower than the real
market value. At the same time, the producers
could get such small profit that they lost the
motivation to do further exploration and
exploitation, which finally led to the supply
shortage in 1970s.
37A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978
-
- This Act founded the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), which conducts direct reform
on the pricing of natural gas . - It declared to loosen pit head price step by step.
38A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- FERC 436 of 1985
- FERC 436 forced interstate pipeline companies to
separate selling from transporting and introduced
market competitive mechanism to natural gas
supply, thus gave local distribution companies,
large end users more freedom to choose. - FERC 436 permitted pipeline companies to provide
public access service to consigners. Customers
were able to bargain directly with producers and
sign independent transport contract. But it was
not compulsory for the pipeline companies to
provide public access service according to FERC
436 .
39A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- With the enactment of FERC 436, there emerged
natural gas dealers in the 1980s. - The enactment forced the pipeline companies to
separate the transporting and selling function.
Once the pipeline companies stopped providing
natural gas, local distribution companies had to
seek for reliable providers and did the bargain
over price. To small local distribution
companies, its difficult to change their roles
right off and their foremost task was to
guarantee secure supply of natural gas. Thus
arose natural gas dealers.
40A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- Unlashing Natural Gas Pit Head Price Act of 1989
- The Act marked the end of pit head price control.
It cancelled all the control over pit head price
and from Jan.1, 1993 pit head price was
market-set and free competition was brought in.
41A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- FERC 636 in 1992
- FERC 636 led to the reorganization of interstate
pipeline companies. It forced all the pipeline
companies to provide public access service, to
separate selling and transporting and allowed all
the users to choose supplier and pipeline company
freely. - Natural gas dealers, local distribution companies
and large end users purchased gas directly from
producers. Other users were able to choose to
purchase gas either from local distribution
companies or gas dealers. Pipeline companies
changed the traditional role as brokers to the
single role as transporting companies and
collected transportation fees under the
supervision of FERC.
42A Survey On US Natural Gas Legislation
- Transportation and selling were priced
separately. Producers sold natural gas to local
distribution companies, gas dealers and large end
users at the price set by market. Pipeline
transportation fees were under the supervision of
FERC. Local public utilities commissions
supervised the price to end users. - After the reorganization of pipeline companies,
local distribution companies and large end users
had the right to choose providers. With the
escalation of competition between suppliers, cost
descended quickly. However, its not the case
with the gas cost paid by inhabitants and small
business users, which had a negative effect on
natural gas utilization. In order to boost a
healthy development of natural gas industry, the
US government spread the successful experience to
inhabitants and small business users.
43Table 1 4 Stages in the Development of Natural
Gas Industry
Initial Stage Growing Stage Shaping Stage Mature Stage
Demand Very small market Element users were city fuel gas companies. Fast development Mainly used for power generation Demand tends to saturate. Market develops slowly. Demand tends to stabilize.
Infrastructure Limited Mass construction of large infrastructure All the leading cities have natural gas supply network. Long pipeline transportation networks are interconnected. Multi-source composite network has come into being. Its necessary to transform, innovate and expand the capacity of existing infrastructure
44Initial Stage Growing Stage Shaping Stage Mature Stage
Market Participator Very few Monopolized operation of infrastructure Gas supply as a public utility Having the obligation of public service Increased market participators and becoming competitive Long-term contract Third partys use of excessive pipeline transporting capacity Calling for more specific supervising system Numerous market participators Large users being able to choose suppliers Open-architecture pipelines, secondary market of pipeline transporting capacity being developed Separate operation of supply chain links Numerous market participators Fierce competition, all users able to choose suppliers Low profit Short-term and spot contracts High efficient market formed
Time needed 015 years 1520 years 2040 years More than 40 years
45Table 2 Government Targets and Relevant Policies
in Different Stages
Development Stage Typical Government Targets Relevant Natural Gas Policies
1. Initial Stage To develop natural gas infrastructure To increase the ratio of natural gas in basic energy resources To improve international payments equilibrium (resources importing countries) To develop domestic natural gas (resource- rich countries) Taking financial incentive measures (i.e. accelerated depreciation, reduction or remission of taxes) to attract investment in high risky field with reasonable return rate Encouraging development of gas sources with preferential policies Direct, powerful government investment and control Environmental protection policies
46Development Stage Typical Government Targets Relevant Natural Gas Policies
2. Growing Stage To guarantee the reasonable allocation of resources To reduce government investment To encourage further development of the industry Enacting laws and regulations to provide long, stable investment environment Preferential policies to encourage the development of gas resources Carrying out attractive return policies
47Development Stage Typical Government Targets Relevant Natural Gas Policies
3. Shaping Stage To ease government fiscal burden To lower natural gas price by improving operating efficiency To make full use of market competition To improve government supervision by separating specific economic supervising affairs from policy-making function To be concerned with social welfare Enacting laws and regulations to protect consumers interests Taking the policy of privatizing state-owned assets Introducing and promoting competition, including separating gas supply and pipeline transporting Establishing supervising organizations under government control Requiring general service
48Development Stage Typical Government Targets Relevant Natural Gas Policies
4. Mature Stage To regulate market operations through competition To improve market efficiency To improve government supervision and get restricted to natural monopoly field Formulating and implementing the policy encouraging market participation Establishing high efficient resource trading market Canceling government supervision over perfect competition fields
49Summary of Natural Gas Legislation
- Different development stages require different
regulating systems, different levels of market
openness and corresponding legislation. - Based on our actual conditions, use foreign
experience in legislation for reference - Developed countries and regions like US, UK and
EU - Countries experiencing economic transformation
- Developing countries like India and Brazil
50Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- Current petroleum-natural gas legal system in
China consists of laws, administrative
regulations, departmental regulations and
regulatory documents. -
- 1?the system of petroleum resource
ownership - 2?the system of petroleum mining right
- 3?the system of exploiting ashore and
offshore petroleum resources through cooperation
with overseas partners - 4?the system of petroleum-gas pipeline
protection - 5?the system of petroleum seismic
prospecting damage repair - 6?the system of petroleum-gas price
control - 7?the system of petroleum environmental
protection - 8?the system of production operation
management of petroleum-gas industry - 9?the system of safety in petroleum-gas
production - 10?the system of financial expense of
taxation - 11?the system of labor insurance in the
petroleum industry - 12?the system of national petroleum
corporations
51Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 1.the system of petroleum resource ownership
- Main legal regulations
- Mineral Resources Law, Detailed Rules for
Implementation of Mineral Resources Law ,
Administrative Provisions on Mineral Resources
Depletion Charges, Provisions on Mining Royalty
in Exploiting Offshore Petroleum Resources and
Regulations on Geologic Information Management - Provisions
- Mineral resources belong to the national state,
and the ownership is exercised by the State
Council. Both the overground and underground
mineral resources belong to the state, which do
not change with the ownership or right of use of
the land transfer. - The State compensates for the exploitation of
petroleum resources. The exploiters pay mineral
resource depletion charges to the state in
proportion to sales income of crude oil and
natural gas.
52Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 2. the system of petroleum mining right
- Main legal regulations
- Mineral Resources Law, Detailed Rules for
Implementation of Mineral Resources Law ,
Administrative Procedures of Mineral Resources
Survey Section and Block Registration,
Administrative Procedures of Mineral Resources
Exploitation Registration and Administrative
Procedures of Exploration and Mining Rights
Transfer - Provisions
- To explore, exploit petroleum and natural gas in
China or waters under its rule, its necessary to
settle certain formalities and apply for licenses
to get exploration and mining rights.
53Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 3. the system of exploiting ashore and offshore
petroleum resources through cooperation with
overseas partners - Main legal regulations
- Regulations on Exploiting Ashore Petroleum
Resources through Cooperation with Overseas
Partners , Regulations on Exploiting Offshore
Petroleum Resources through Cooperation with
Overseas Partners -
- Provisions
- CNPC and SinoPec are responsible for exploiting
ashore petroleum resources through cooperation
with overseas partners and have the exclusive
right to explore, exploit and produce petroleum
in the areas granted by the State Council. - China National Offshore Oil Corporation is
responsible for exploiting offshore petroleum
with overseas partners and enjoys the exclusive
right to explore, exploit and produce petroleum
in cooperative sea areas.
54Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 4.the system of petroleum-gas pipeline protection
- Main legal regulations
- Regulations on Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline
Protection - Regulations on the Interrelationship between Long
Transporting Pipelines of Crude Oil and Natural
Gas - Interim Provisions on Safety Supervision and
Management of Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline
55Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 5.the system of petroleum seismic prospecting
damage repair -
- Main legal regulations
- Provisions on Petroleum Seismic Prospecting
Damage Repair
56Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 6. the system of petroleum-gas price control
-
- Main regulatory documents
- Circular on Measures to Perfect Petroleum Price
Integration and Adjusting the Product Oil Price - Circular on Regulating Natural Gas Price Control
57Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 7. the system of petroleum-natural gas
environmental protection - Main legal regulations
- Marine Environmental Protection Law
- Management Process on Environmental Influence and
Assessment of Marine Petroleum Exploitation
Engineering - Interim Supplemental Provisions on Oil Pollution
of Tankers
58Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 8. the system of production operation management
of petroleum-gas industry - Main regulatory documents
- Suggestions on Cleaning Up and Rectifying
Circulating Enterprises and Regulating
Circulation Orders of Product Oil - Measures on Organizing Importation of Crude and
Product Oil - Automatic Licensed Procedures on State Trade of
Product Oil in2004 - Circular on Outlawing Local Oil Refining Field
Points with Determination - Circular on Stopping Producing and Selling Leaded
Motor Gasoline Within a Set Time
59Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 9. the system of safety in petroleum-gas
production - Main regulatory documents
- Guidance on Safety Assessment of Ashore Petroleum
and Natural Gas Exploitation - Circular on Further Strengthening Safety
Management of Liquefied Gas Tank Cars - Regulations on Safety Management and Supervision
of Pressure Pipelines - Regulations on Safety Management of City Fuel Gas
- Urgent Notice on Strengthening Safety Management
of LNG Stations
60Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 10. the system of financial expense of taxation
- Main regulatory documents
- Regulations on Limit for the Use of Oilfield
Maintenance Expenses - Management Procedures on Using Mineral Resources
Depletion Charges - Interim Management Procedures on Charges for
Compensated Use of Reserves - Explanation to Levying Scope of Consumption Tax
on Gasoline and Diesel Oil - Management Procedures on Levying VAT on Retail
Product Oil Refueling Station
61Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 11.the system of labor insurance in the petroleum
industry - Main regulatory documents
- Reply to Overall Social Planning of Pension in
Petroleum Enterprises - Reply to Implementing the System of Working at
Irregular Time and Work System with Integrative
Computation of Work Hours at Some Posts of
Petrochemical Industry
62Current Petroleum-Natural Gas Legal System in
China
- 12. the system of state petroleum corporations
-
- Main regulatory documents
- Reply to Establishing China National Aviation Oil
Group Company
63Existing Problems in Current Petroleum-Natural
Gas Legal System
- 1. Incomplete system and prominent structural
defects - 2. Current laws and regulations are
improvisational, provisional and hysteretic. As a
whole, they are of poor operability and call for
immediate revision and complement. - 3. There exists legislative blank in certain
important fields such as the system of
encouraging and protecting investment in
petroleum, the system of petroleum reserve and
protection of oil-gas fields and so on.
64Key Problems to be studied in China
Petroleum-Natural Gas Legislation
- 1. To study the status quo, problems and
perfecting suggestions on China petroleum-natural
gas supervision system - 2. To study the status quo, problems and
perfecting suggestions on China petroleum-natural
gas legal system - 3. To study the necessity, feasibility of China
petroleum-natural gas legislation - 4. To study the experience, lessons, evolving
patterns of petroleum-natural gas legislation in
the world
65Key Problems to be studied in China
Petroleum-Natural Gas Legislation
- 5. To study the selection of legislative models
of our petroleum-natural gas legislation - (To bundle petroleum and natural gas together
or make separate petroleum and natural gas law
If bundled together, how to connect such a law
with Mineral Resources Law and the to-be-made
Energy Law and If not bundled together, how
to connect the two and how to cooperate with each
other.) - 6. To study the establishment of legislative
targets and principles - 7. To study the adjustment range and links of
legislation - 8. To study the legislative framework
- 9. To study the necessity and feasibility
demonstration of legislation - 10. To analyze the economic, social and
environmental impacts of legislation, cost and
benefit analysis of system included - 11. Other problems demanding reinforced study
66-
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Energy Law, Tsinghua Law School - Tel 62794974
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