Principles of measurement

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(No Transcript)
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DC Detection Method
The Pulse
Dilutions for Semiautomatic Analyser

• First Dilution
• 1500 (WBC)
• Second Dilution
• 150.000 (RBC)

Sample Beaker DB - 1
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DC Detection Method
The Pulse
Dilutions for Semiautomatic Analyser

• WBC Dilution
• 3 Drops Quicklyser for
• Lysing and HGB

RBC Dilution
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DC Detection Method
The Pulse
External Electrode
Aperture
Internal Electrode
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DC Detection Method
Transducer
Vacuum
External Electrode
Blood cells
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DC Detection Method
Transducer
External Electrode
Aperture
Internal Electrode
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DC Detection Method
The Pulse
External Electrode
Aperture
Internal Electrode
U R x I
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DC Detection Method
The Pulse
External Electrode
Aperture
Internal Electrode
U R x I
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting I
Time sec
Counting Time
forerun
afterrun
(defined Volume)
Transducer
Stop-Sensor
Start-Sensor
Manometer
Blood suspension
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting I
Time sec
Counting Time
Prerun
Afterrun
(defined Volume)
Transducer
Stop-Sensor
Start-Sensor
Manometer
Blood suspension
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting I
Time sec
Counting Time
Prerun
Afterrun
(defined Volume)
Transducer
Stop-Sensor
Start-Sensor
Manometer
Blood suspension
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting I
Time sec
Counting Time
Prerun
Afterrun
(defined Volume)
Transducer
Stop-Sensor
Start-Sensor
Manometer
Blood suspension
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting I
Time sec
Counting Time
Prerun
Afterrrun
(defined Volume)
Transducer
Stop-Sensor
Start-Sensor
Manometer
Blood suspension
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting
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DC Detection Method
Absolute Counting II

• Not to be changed by UserSample VolumeDilution
  RatioCounted VolumeAperture Diameter
• Automatically checked by the instrumentCounting
  TimeCondition of aperture during
  measurement(Noise-Control)
• AdvantagesNo calibration of countersAutomatic
  check of aperture

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DC Detection Method
Relative Counting
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DC Detection Method
Comparison of Absolute and Relative Counting
Absolute Counting
Relative Counting

• Measurement of particlesin a defined volume
• Calculation of cell-concentration with known
  Sample volume and defined Sample dilution
• no calibration of counting values

• Measurement of particles per time period
• The count is received indirectly through a
  reference-sample. It is taken for granted that
  the sample and the reference-sample have the same
  characteristics and give the same result.
• Calibration of counting values in necessary

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DC Detection Method
Volume (Time)
Pulse Height
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DC Detection Method
Histogram
Pulse Picture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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Cumulative Size Distribution Curve
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
30
20
10
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
4
3
2
1
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DC Detection Method
Histogram
Cumulative Size Distribution Curve
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
30
20
10
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
4
3
2
1
Histogram
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
4
3
2
1
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DC Detection Method
Histogram
Erythrocyte Histogram
25-75 fl
200-250 fl
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DC Detection Method
Histogram
Platelet Histogram
fixed at 12 fl
2-6 fl
12-30 fl
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DC Detection Method
Histogram
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Operation Sequences
Histogram
READY-Status

• All solenoid valves are de-energized.
• C (Common) and NO (Normally Open)
• solenoid valve ports are connected.
• Ball Float is in the down position.

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Operation Sequences
Histogram
COUNT KEY on

• SV1 and SV 4 are energized.
• C and NC solenoid valve ports are
• connected.
• Diluent is aspirated through
• SV4, SV2, Transducer, SV1 and SV3.
• The Ball Float in the manometer is
• pushed upward.
• The inner portion of transducer and
• manometer is automatically rinsed to
• minimize carry-over effect.

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Operation Sequences
Histogram
Counting

• SV1 and SV4 are de-energized and
• SV2 is energized.
• The diluted sample is aspirated through
• the aperture and the Ball Float moves
• downward.
• When the Ball Float reaches level A,
• the counter starts counting.
• When the Ball Float reaches level B,
• the counting stops and SV2 is
• de-energized.
• The volume of aspirated sample is the
• same as the manometer-volume
• between points A and B.

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Operation Sequences
Histogram
Clog removal

• SV1 and SV3 are energized.
• Pressure Pump is activated.
• Pressure is applied to the aperture to
• remove the clog.
• The same function occurs if the
• FLUSH key is pressed.

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Operation Sequences
Histogram
Diluent Fill

• When power switch is turned on,
• SV1 and SV4 are energized.
• Diluent is aspirated through the
• transducer.
• The same function occurs if the
• FILL key is pressed.
• The diluent removes diluent and any
• blood sample remaining in the system.

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Haemoglobin
Histogram

• Haemoglobin is the dye at the RBC.
• It is a Fe-containing Protein.
• Haemoglobin is exclusively produced by
  Erythroblasts in the bone marrow.
• Hemoglobin is an important part of the
  Erythrocytes.
• There is a direct relation between Haematokrit,
  Erythrocyte-concentration and Haemoglobin.
• The main function of Haemoglobin in the body is
  to transport Oxygen and CO2.

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Haemoglobin
Histogram
Patient Limits
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Haemoglobin
Histogram
Sysmex KCN-Method

• A special reagent is needed, containing
  Cyanidefor lysing RBC
• F-Series Quicklyser

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Haemoglobin
Histogram
Sysmex SLS-Method

• SLS means Sodiumlaurylsulfate
• SLS ins not toxic (ingredient in a lot of soaps
  tooth-paste)
• Sysmex Sulfolyser is now used with the majority
  of instruments (K-, E-, NE-,SF-,SE-, XE-systems)
• Only Sysmex hematology systems have a stable
  KCN-free Haemoglobin-measurement as standard.

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Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin- Measurement
Heamoglobin molecule
Hydrophobic area
-
SO
3

Na
Hydrophilic area
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Haemoglobin
Cyanide-free SLS-method
Haemoglobin molecule
a
a
Hydrophobic area
a
-
SO
3

Na
b
b
Hydrophilic area
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Haemoglobin
Cyanide-free SLS-method

• Hydrophobic area of SLS bind to Globin
• Conformation change
• Oxidation Fe2 --gt Fe3
• Hydrophilic area of SLS bind to Fe3 --gt SLS-Hb.

Fe 3
Fe 3
Fe 2
SLS
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Haemoglobin
Cyanide-free SLS-method

• photometric measurement at 540 nm (F-Series,
  K-800, K-1000, K-4500)

Sample
Cellpack
Photosensor
Lamp
Flowcell
Lens Filter
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Haemoglobin
First step BLANK MEASUREMANT
Lamp
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Haemoglobin
Second step MEASUREMENT WITH LYSED SAMPLE
Lamp
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Haemoglobin
Start
Flow Cell is rinsed with Diluent.
Measurement and saving of Blank.
Measurement of sample dilution
Sample value -Blank HB-value
Printing of result
Lamp
End
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Haematocrit
Haematocrit

• Haematocrit is determined by comparing the total
  or cumulative volume of red blood cells to the
  volume of whole blood.
• Determined normally by centrifugation or by
  electric pulse measurement
• Haematocrit is besides Haemoglobin an important
  parameter in anemia-diagnosis.

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Haematocrit
Patient Limits
Newborn 0,51 - 0,65 Children 0,35 - 0,43 Women
0,38 - 0,48 Men 0,42 - 0,52
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation

• Determining the volume of corpuscles in the blood
• Normally equivalent to mass of erythrocytes.
• Blood is drawn into special capillaries, which
  contain dried heparin.
• After closing, capillaries are placed into a
  centrifuge.
• In the centrifuge blood is divided into its
  corpuscular (cells) and fluid (plasma) components

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Haematocrit
Haematocrit- Measurement
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Total volume VT
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Total volume VT
Centrifuge
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Total volume VT
Centrifuge
VT
Hct () V / VT x100
V
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Centrifugation

• Reading is done with a scale out of triangles.

• The auxiliary line through the borderbetween
  erythrocytes- and leukocytesgives the
  heamatocrit.
• CV app. 1

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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Transducer
Start-Sensor
defined volume VT
Stop-Sensor
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Pulse Height
Ph k x VEry VEry 1 / k x Ph Ph Pulse
hight k Constant VEry Volume of 1
Erythrocyte
Pulse Diagram
Ph
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Haematocrit
Centrifugation
Cumulative Pulse
Hct () V / VT x 100 V å VEry
VT
V
Ph Pulse hight k Constant VEry
Volume of 1 Erythrocyte
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Haematocrit
K-Series
Cumulative Pulse Height Detection
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Erythrocyte Indices Calculated (Parameters)
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Erythrocyte-Indices
RBC-Indices
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Biological Variation
Biological Variation
of quantitative parameters of CBC
Deviation from Median in
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
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Specifications
Specifications Example SYSMEX K-4500
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Specifications

• 18 ParameterWBC, RBC, HBG, HCT, PLTMCV, MCH,
  MCHRDW-CV, RDW-SD, MPV, PDW, P-LCRSCR
  (LYMPH), MCR (MONO/EO/BASO), LCR (NEUT)SCC
  (LYMPH), MCC (MONO/EO/BASO), LCC (NEUT)
• 3 HistogramsWBC, RBC, PLT

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Reliable Measurement Principles forhighest
accuracy
Specifications
WBC/RBC/PLT DC Detection Method HBG SLS-Haemogl
obin Method HCT Cumulative Pulse Height
Detection WBC-Diff DC Detection Method
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Specifications

• Throughput
• 80 Samples / Hour
• Cycle Time with single Samples
• 45 Seconds / Sample

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Specifications

• Sample Volume
• Closed Mode (Sampler) 200 µl
• Manual Open Mode 100 µl
• MCP-Mode 200 µl
• Capillary Mode gt 40 µ

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• Specifications

Parameters WBC, NEUT, LYMPH, EO/MONO/BASO,
NEUT, LYMPH, EO/MONO/BASO, RBC, HKT, HGB,
MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, PLT, PDW, MPV,
P-LCR Reagents Diluent CELLPACK Lyse-Reagent STR
OMATOLYSER-3WP haemoglobin-Reagent
SULFOLYSER Cleaning Reagent (Detergent) CELLCLEA
N Diameter of Apertures WBC 100
µm RBC/HCT/PLT 75 µm Throughput 80 Samples /
Hour (appr. 45 Seconds Cycle-Time /
Sample) Principles - DC Detection Method (RBC,
WBC, PLT) - SLS-Hemoglobin (HGB) - Cumulative
Pulse Height Detection - Calculation from RBC
and HCT (MCV) - Calculation from RBC and HGB
(MCH) - Calculation from HCT and HGB
(MCHC) Sample Volume Sampler Mode 200 µl Closed
Mode 200 µl Manual Open Mode 100
µl MCP-Mode 200 µl Capillary Blood Mode gt 40
µl Data Memory External data memory available
(K-DPS)
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Specifications
-Precision One fresh normal whole blood sample
was measured 10 times consecutively in Sampler
Mode. From those results the Coefficient of
Variation has been calculated. WBC CV lt
3,0 RBC CV lt 1,5 HGB CV lt 1,5 HCT CV lt
1,5 MCV CV lt 1,5 MCH CV lt 1,5 MCHC CV lt
1,5 PLT CV lt 4,0 Accuracy WBC 3,0 RBC
3,0 PLT 3,0 Linearity - WBC within
0,2 x 103/µl for 1,0 - 6,6 x 103/µl in Sampler
Mode or 3,0 für 6,7 - 99,9 x
103/µl RBC within 0,03 x 106/µl for 0,30 -
0,99 x 06/µl or 3,0 for 1,0 - 99,9 x
106/µl HGB within 0,1 g/dl for 0,1 - 10,0
g/dl or 1,0 for 10,1 - 20,0 g/dl and 2,0
for 20,1 - 25,0 g/dl HCT within 1,0 for
10,0 - 33,3 or 2,0 for 33,4 - 60,0
PLT within 10 X 103/µl for 10 - 199 x
103/µl or 5,0 for 200-999 x 103/µl (if
RBC lt 7,00 x 106/µl) Blank WBC lt 0,3 x
103/µl RBC lt 0,02 x 106/µl HBG lt 0,1
g/dl PLT lt 10 x 103/µl
70

• Specifications

Display Range WBC 0,00-300,0 x103/µl RBC 0,00-20
,00 x 106/µl HGB 0,0-25,0 g/dl HCT 0,0-100
PLT 0-2000 x 103/µl Ports Serial port for
Host or K-DPS Parallel port for data printer
DP-510/490 Size Main Unit 580 x 600 x 31 Height
x Width x Depth Sampler 580 x 302 x
280 mm Power Supply 230 V AC/DC at 50
Hz Barcode-Reading CODABAR, CODE-11, CODE-39,
CODE-128, Interleaved 2 of 5, JAN-8, JAN-13
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Sample Flow
Sample Flow
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Sample Flow
Flow Chart
Cellpack
Mixing- Chamber 1500
Stromatolyser-3WP
Sample Rotor Valve (SRV)
Sulfolyser
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Sample Flow
Flow Chart
Cellpack
Mixing- Chamber 1500
Stromatolyser-3WP
Sample Rotor Valve (SRV)
Sulfolyser
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Sample Flow
Flow Chart
Cellpack
Mixing- Chamber 1500
Stromatolyser-3WP
Sample Rotor Valve (SRV)
Sulfolyser
75
Sample Flow
Flow Chart
Cellpack
Mixing- Chamber 1500
Stromatolyser-3WP
Sample Rotor Valve (SRV)
Sulfolyser
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Sample Flow
Flow Chart
Cellpack
Mixing- Chamber 1500
Stromatolyser-3WP
Sample Rotor Valve (SRV)
Sulfolyser
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Sample Flow
Flow Chart
Cellpack
Mixing- Chamber 1500
1,0 ml
WBC Channel 1250
0,5 ml
Stromatolyser-3WP
6 µl
Sample Rotor Valve (SRV)
3 µl
1,0 ml
Hb Photometer 1500
Sulfolyser
0,5 ml
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Sample Rotor Valve
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
Lower Part (fixed)
Pipette
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Sample Rotor Valve
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
Upper Part (fixed)
Middle Part (moving)
Lower Part (fixed)
Pipette
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Sample Rotor Valve
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
Upper Part (fixed)
Middle Part (moving)
Lower Part (fixed)
Pipette
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Whole Blood Sampling
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
Vacuum by Diaphragm-Pump
0,1 ml Whole Blood
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Sample Separation
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
6 µl (Hb)
12µl (WBC)
4 µl (RBC)
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RBC-Dilution
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
Mixing-Chamber
4 µl (RBC)
Diluent-Diaphragm-Pump
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Sampling for 2nd RBC-Dilution
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
Mixing-Chamber
2nd Dilution Diaphragm-Pump
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Separation for 2nd RBC-Dilution
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
40 µl
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2nd RBC-Dilution
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
RBC-Channel
Diluent- Diaphragm-Pump
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WBC- and HGB- Sample Dilution
Sample Flow
Sample Rotor Valve
HGB-Flow Cell
WBC-Channel
6 µl (HGB)
12µl (WBC)
HGB-Diaphragm-Pump
Diluent- Diaphragm-Pump
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Histograms
Interpretation
Histograms
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Histograms
Interpretation
Normal Sample
NO. 4 DATE 9/10/95 1511 MODE Whole
Blood WBC 5,8 x 103/µl RBC 4,84
x106/µl HGB 13,7 g/dl HCT 42,0 MCV 86,8 fl M
CH 28,3 pg MCHC 32,6 g/dl PLT 257 x103/µl
Parameters for CBC Leukocyte-Histogram Lymp
hocytes given in and absolute valueEo, Mono,
Baso given in and absolute valueNeutrophils
given in and absolute value Erythrocyte-Histogr
am Erythrocyte Distribution Width Platelet-Hist
ogramPlatelet Distribution WidthMean Platelet
VolumePlatelet - Large Cell Ratio
WBC
WBC
300
LYMPH 31,2 MXD 6,8 NEUT 62,0 LYMPH 1,8 x
103/µl MXD 0,4 x103/µl NEUT 3,6 x103/µl
RBC
RBC
250
RDW-SD 40,0 fl
PLT
PLT
40
PDW 13,1 fl MPV 10,4 fl P-LCR 28,1
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Histograms
RBC- and PLT-Histograms

• The two distribution curves are separated from
  each other by a moving auto discriminator looking
  to the Plateau.
• Platelets have a size between 8 and 12 fl and are
  counted between 2 and 30 fl.
• Erythrocytes have a size of 80-100 fl and are
  counted between 25 and 250 fl.

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Histograms
Erythrocytes
RBC- and PLT-Histograms
Base line
250 fl
2 fl

• The Size Distribution Curve should always start
  on the base line and fall between the lower and
  the upper discriminator.

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Histograms
Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte Histogram Flags
Mark RL , abnormal height at lower
discriminator
LD
RBC
The curve does not start at the base line.
PLT

• Possible causes
• Giant Platelets
• Micro-Erythrocytes
• Platelet Clumps

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Histograms
Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte Histogram Flags
Mark RU , abnormal height at the upper
discriminator.
UD
UD
RBC
RBC
The curve does not end at the base line.

• Possible causes
• Cold Agglutinins
• Erythroblasts / Normoblasts

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Histograms
Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte Histogram Flags
MP , multiple peaks found
RBC
RBC
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Histograms
Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte Histogram Flags
DW , abnormal histogram distribution
RBC
Distribution curve does not cross 20 level twice
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Histograms
Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
RDW-CV () 100 x s/µ
RDW-CV 11 - 16
68,26
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Histograms
Thrombocyte Histogram
2 Discriminators
30 fl
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Histograms
Thromboyte Histogram

• PLT, Count of platelets
• Histogram parameters
• MPV, mean platelet volumeReference range 8 - 12
  fl
• P-LCR, ratio of large plateletsReference range
  15 - 35
• PDW, platelet distribution width at 20 of peak
  height Reference range 9 - 14 fl

MPV (fl)
99
Histograms
Thrombocyte Histogram Flags
Mark PL , abnormal height at lower
discriminator
PLT
Curve does not start from baseline

• Possible cause
• High blank value
• Cell fragments

100
Histograms
Thrombocyte Histogram Flags
Mark PU , abnormal height at upper
discriminator
Curve does not reach baseline

• Possible cause
• Clotted blood sample
• EDTA-induced PLT clumping
• Micro-Erythrocytes
• Giant Platelets
• Platelet aggregates

101
Histograms
Thrombocyte Histogram Flags
Mark MP , Multi Peaks found

• Possible Cause
• Platelet transfusion

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Histograms
Thrombocyte Histogram Flags
Mark DW , Distribution With

• The distribution can not be detected because the
  Histogram does not cross the 20 limit twice.
• This curve in only an example but could also show
  another course.

103
Histogram
Leukocyte-Histogram
Lyse of RBC and partial lyse of WBC
WBC
After lysis
Electrolyte solution
Mitochondria Nucleus Cell membrane Ribosome C
ytoplasm
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Histogramm
Leukocyte-Histogram
Before adding lysing reagent
Cell diameter in µm
Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Lympho
cytes
10 - 15 9 - 14 11 - 16 12 - 20 7 - 12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
After adding lysing reagent
Lymphocytes
MIX Monocytes Basophils Eosinophils
Neutrophils
0 50 100
150 200 250 300
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Histogram
Curve is limited by 2 discriminators.
Leukocyte-Histogram

• IMPORTANT
• The distribution curve should be within the
  discriminators. The curve should start and end at
  the basis line.
• The LD is flexible, but can not be lower than 30
  fl.
• The WBC-channel show Leukocytes andThrombocytes
  ( Erythrocytes are lysed).
• The volume of the Thrombocyts is usually between
  8 - 12 fl, therefore the LD at the WBC-Histogramm
  seperates the Leukocytes from the Thrombocytes.
  (Thrombocytes were not counted).

106
Histogram
Leukocytes-Histogram Flags
1. Flag WL , Curve does not begin at the basis
line

• Possible cause
• Thrombocytes EDTA-not compatible Probe
  coagulated
• high osmotic resistant (Erythrocytes not lysed)
• Normoblasten / Erythroblasten
• cold agglutinate

107
Histogram
Leukocytes-Histogram Flags
2. Flag WU , Curve does not end at the base
line.
Sample dilution ? ( high leukocyte count ?
)
108
Histogram
Leukocytes-Histogram Flags
3. Flag T1 and T2
T1 and T2 are trough discriminators defined by
the plateau. This discriminators separates the
Leukocytes populations.

• The discriminators are flexible and will be set
  automatically according to the sample.
• In special cases is a separation from the trough
  discriminators not possible.

109
Histogram
Leukocytes-Histogram Flags
3. Flag T1 and T2

• Attention
• Confirm the result with the microscope if T1 or T
  2 flag was indicated.
• The WBC result will be correct if no flag is
  indicated. All Leukocytes are counted.

T1 could not be detected No plateau/trough was
found. --gt T 1 flag
T1 was detected but not T2 --gt T2 flag
110
Histogram
Leukocytes-Histogram Flags
3. Flag F1 , F2 and F3
The Histogram of the Leukocytes is limited from
the outer discriminators LD and UD.
F1 F2 F3

• All Leukocytes are counted WBC total is
  correct. (Assumption no other flags)
• T 1 and T 2 were detected.
• Conspicuous is The troughs are away from the
  basis line.

There is a potential of mixing populations. F 1
and F 2 move together. Also F2 and F3.
111
Maintenance
Interpretation
Maintenance
112
Maintenance

• 1. External Check
• Is there enough reagent for routine daily
  analyses? CELLPACK ca. 750 Cycles / 20
  lSTROMATOLYSER-3WP ca. 1.000 Cycles / 0,5
  lSULFOLYSER ca. 1.000 Cycles / 0.5 l
• Enough printing-paper?
• Tubing and wiring connected correctly?
• Sampler ready?(optional)
• Waste container empty?

113
Maintenance

• 2. Switch on the instrument
• Main switch at the instrument.
• 3. Auto-rinse sequence is performed
• Automatic background checkWBC 0,3 x
  103/µlRBC 0,02 x 106/µl HGB 0,1 g/dl
  PLT 10 x 103/µl
• 4. Instrument goes into READY status.
• 5. Measure control material
• - Eight Check for F-Series K-Series

114
Maintenance

• 5. Standby mode (only if available)
• If you do not use the analyser for a certain
  period of time the system will go automatically
  into the standby mode. Recovering by pressing
  START button.
• 6. Execute shut down sequence
• Press SHUT DOWN / END.
• Put CELLCLEAN under aspiration pipette. (for
  K-4500 press 1). After the ready indication is
  turned off and a peep signal sounds 3 times
  remove the CELLCLEAN. The system performs
  automatic rinse cycles and the message Turn
  Power Off will be announced.
• Turn the Analyser off.

115
Maintenance

• Daily
• Clean transducer and manometerProgram Shut
  Down"
• Check trap chambers and remove water
• Weekly
• Clean tray under SRV
• Clean waste chamberProgram clean waste
  chamber (if available) approx. 20 min
• Monthly
• Clean orifice
• Clean WBC/RBC-aperture

116
Maintenance

• If necessary
• Clean sample rotor valve
• Clean rinse cup mechanism
• Remove aperture cloggingProgram clog removal"
• Remove obstinate clogs at apertures.Program
  drain sampleClean aperture manual with
  transducer glass-fibre brush and Cellclean.
• Reset counter (if available) Program cycle
  counter"
• (Servicereport) !!

117
Thank you for your attention !!