Types of Ships

1
Types of Ships

• Container ships

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Types of ships - introduction

• Two broad categories
• 1. Cargo ships
• General cargo
• Break Bulk - cargo that may be affixed to a
• pallet. Palletised cargo facilitates the
  loading into
• the ship by crane or derrick.
• Neo-Bulk a subcategory of general cargo,
• with the other subcategories of break-bulk cargo
• containerised cargo.
• Containerised
• ii. Bulk cargo
• Dry bulk
• Liquid bulk

3
Clinker - a loose, black deposit that can consist
of coke, coal, slag, charcoal, or grit other
waste materials.
Slag - waste material produced when coal is dug
from the earth, or a substance produced by mixing
.
Coke - what is left after coal is heated the
gas and tar removed, which is burnt as a fuel.
Molasses - a thick dark brown liquid made from
sugar plants used in cooking,
Gravel - small rounded stones, often mixed with
sand.
Grit - small pieces of stone or sand.
4
Construction

• The rear part of the ship includes 1. a deck
  superstructure with the navigating bridge
• the means necessary for the propulsion of the
  ship machinery fuel tanks.
• The front part of the ship includes the stem
  store rooms (if any).
• The central part includes the hold constructed in
  accordance with the type of cargo
• to be transported.
• In conventional large transport ships (e.g.
  tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, LNG
• carriers) the construction is used wherein
  ballast is loaded in order to control the gravity
  prevent problems related to a shallow draft.
• e.g. shallow draft causes problems
• the degree of hogging during navigation is large,
• the ship is exposed to the impact of waves
  striking the ship bottom (so called
• slamming),
• the propeller cannot be immersed fully, it
  emerges from the water ? a decrease in
• the propulsion performance an increase in the
  load fluctuation on the propeller main
• engine (propeller racing),
• the rudder cannot be submerged sufficiently ?
  manoeuvrability worsens.
• Loaded ballast lowers the draft.

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Container ships

• Cargo loading / unloading used to be slow,
• standardised carrying box, or container at
  20 feet long (the TEU 20 foot equivalent unit)
  allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these
  standard sized boxes,
• Consequently dockside equipment needed to be
  designed to lift, stack and store these specific
  shapes.
• Initially, small vessels of up to 10,000 DWT,
  carried no more than a few hundred TEU.
• Today's container ships are being built to take
  over 13,000 TEU (such as the Emma Maersk).
• Even larger vessels (the "Malaccamax") are now
  being constructed ? take up to 18,000 TEU.
• The term "Malaccamax" refers to the depth, as the
  shallowest part of the Malacca Straits is 25
  metres deep. This is the limiting factor for any
  vessel wishing to transit the Straits.

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Construction of a container ship

• 1. bridge castle front
• 2. deck containers
• 3. foremast mast top (pramcani jarbol)
• 4. forecastle
• 5. insulated containers in holds
• 6. container refrigeration ducts (vod)
• 7. double hull
• 8. passageway (prolaz)

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• Freight container
• any article of equipment with an overall volume
  greater
• than 8m³ (rigid or collapsible) suitable for
  repeated use
• in the carriage of materials in bulk or
  package form and
• capable of transfer between one or more forms
  of transport,
• built to the ISO requirements,
• materials mild steel, stainless steel-aluminium
  alloy, plywood,
• fibre-glass or combinations of these.

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• Containers carried in
• holds - cellular structure of angle bars forming
  container guides that stow containers on top of
  another.
• weather decks - containers are carefully secured
  to
• ensure that they will not shift.
• Vertical stowage loading - hatchways are very
  large accessibility of the hold is of the utmost
  importance.
• large hatch openings
• no tween decks
• no need for cargo handling gear, operate from
  well-equipped special terminals.

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The common types of ISO shipping containers

• 20' GP (standard type)
• 40' GP (standard type)
• 20' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 20' GP)
• 40' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 40' GP
• Open top container
• 20 foot (20) 40 foot (40)
• GP general purpose
• HC high cube
• 20 feet (6.058m)
• 40 feet (12.192m)

Fully enclosed with strong, rigid walls. One of
the walls adapted to create a door opening.
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• the only differences between high cube and their
  standard equivalents are the height and increased
  cubic capacity.

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• e.g.
• The 20 foot shipping container dimensions are
  categorised
• 20 foot external container sizes (imperial)
• 20 foot internal container sizes (imperial)

• The 20 foot intermodal container sizes
• 20 foot external container dimensions (metric)
• 20 foot internal container dimensions (metric)

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External / Internal dimensions (imperial)
Intermodal Length (feet) Intermodal Width (feet) Intermodal Height (feet) Inside Capacity (cubic feet) Floor Area (sq feet) Container Weight (tonnes) Door Width (feet) Door Height (feet)
1910? 80? 86? 1,160 150 2.4 76? 75?
Intermodal Length (feet) Intermodal Width (feet) Intermodal Height (feet) Inside Capacity (cubic feet) Floor Area (sq feet) Container Weight (tonnes) Door Width (feet) Door Height (feet)
193? 77? 79? 1,160 150 2.4 76? 75?
Standard External / Internal sizes (metric)
Container Length (metres) Container Width (metres) Container Height (metres) Inside Capacity (cubic metres) Floor Area (sq metres) Container Weight (tonnes) Door Width (metres) Door Height (metres)
6.06 2.44 2.59 32.85 13.93 2.44 2.28 2.26
Container Length (metres) Container Width (metres) Container Height (metres) Inside Capacity (cubic metres) Floor Area (sq metres) Container Weight (tonnes) Door Width (metres) Door Height (metres)
5.87 2.33 2.35 32.85 13.93 2.44 2.28 2.26
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• Tank or dry bulk container
• for food, liquid or sensitive freight

Thermal container or reefer (interior insulation
on the doors, roof, floor walls)
Insulated container
Flat rack or platform container No fixed walls or
any load-carrying structures, transport
distribution of wood or other heavy objects
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Standard container description

• 1.top end transverse member (cross rail) (gornje
  poprecno rebro kontejnera)
• 2. front wall panel (ceona stjenka)
• 3. side wall panel (bocna stjenka)
• 4. roof panel (ploha)
• 5. door header
• 6. end door (ceona vrata kontejnera)
• 7. hinge (šarka)
• 8. rod guide (motka)
• 9. cam end guide (bregast)
• cam end
• 10. lever (poluga)
• door gasket (brtva)
• 11.bottom rear cross member
• corner fitting (oprema)
• 12. fork lift pockets (otvori za manipulaciju s
  viljuškarom)
• 11a. bottom cross member (poprecna greda podnog
  okvira kontejnera)
• 13. floor
• 14. bottom side rail (bocni okvir)
• 15. bottom end transverse member (bottom front
  cross) (poprecno rebro dna kontejnera)

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5.
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17.
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11a.
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• Container stowage plans
• drawn up to assist in advance planning.
• document the positioning of containers on board.
• The stowage space of the container on board the
  ship is stated in numbers and is recorded in the
  shipping documents.
• The bay-row-tier system follows a system of
  numerical coordinates relating to length, width
  and height.