Hazardous Energy

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Hazardous Energy
Module 5
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Objectives

• After this module you should be able to
• identify the most common energy hazards
• take the necessary steps to avoid those hazards

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Energy Hazards

• Energy that is not isolated at its source
• Stored energy
• Accidental re-energization of equipment
• Not controlling the key for your own lock
• Maintenance and service on live electrical
  equipment
• Energy disconnects not labeled
• Damaged extension cords
• Extension cords without grounding prongs
• Extension cords not GFCI-protected
• Overhead powerlines

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What is Lockout/Tagout?

• Lockout/tagout (LOTO) is a physical means of
  stopping the flow of energy (whether electrical,
  hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) from the energy
  source to the equipment and ultimately to the
  worker
• Lockout/tagout prevents the unexpected startup of
  the equipment or release of stored energy from
  the equipment during maintenance or servicing of
  the equipment

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Sequence of Lockout

1. Notify all affected employees
2. Identify energy sources
3. Shut equipment down
4. De-activate the energy isolating devices
5. Lockout the energy isolating devices
6. Dissipate or restrain stored or residual energy
7. Verify energy isolation

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Re-Energizing Equipment

1. Check equipment and immediate area
2. Ensure all employees are clear
3. Verify that controls are in neutral
4. Remove lockout devices and re-energize the
   equipment
5. Notify all affected employees

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Additional Concerns

• During third-party or outside contractor
  operations, the employers shall decide which
  companys lockout policy to use
• During group lockout, each worker must put a lock
  on the lockout device
• During a shift change, the level of protection
  provided by lockout/tagout necessary to protect
  workers must be maintained

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What Electricity Can Do

• 1 mA 1/1000 Amp
• A small drill uses 2.25 Amps
• 1 mA perception level, slight tingling
• 5 mA slight shock, not painful
• 6-30 mA painful shock, cant let go
• 50-150 mA extreme pain, respiratory arrest
• 1-4.3 Amps ventricular fibrillation, death
  likely
• 10 Amps cardiac arrest, probable death

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Electrical Protection

• Electric power tools must have a true ground or
  be double insulated
• Extension cords must be rated for commercial
  outdoor use
• Extension cords must have a ground fault circuit
  interrupter (GFCI) connected
• it can be hard wired into the circuit or you can
  attach a portable GFCI below

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Electrical Hazard Clues

• Clues that electrical hazards exist
• tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses
• warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or
  junction boxes
• GFCI that shuts off a circuit
• worn or frayed insulation around wire or
  connection

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If You Contact a Powerline

• The equipment you are operating and the ground
  around it is energized
• Stay in the equipment if possible
• Warn all others to stay away
• Notify the power company immediately

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If You Contact a Powerline

• If you must get out of the equipment
• keep both feet together at all times
• hop or shuffle out of the area

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Revisions to NFPA 70E

• As a result of the injuries and deaths related to
  arc flash, changes/additions have been
  incorporated into the National Fire Protection
  Association publication number 70E, the most
  recent version being NFPA 70E-2004.
• qualified persons only
• arc flash analysis
• personal protective equipment
• ppe according to standard
• ppe with proper arc flash rating

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Arc Flash

• Arc flash results from an arcing fault, where
  electric arcs and resulting radiation and
  shrapnel cause severe burns, hearing damage, and
  eye injuries
• To minimize risk
• switch remotely if possible
• stand aside and away as much as possible
• avoid touching switchgear or metallic surfaces
• use proper tools and ppe

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Applicable Standards

• 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy
• 1910 Subpart S Electrical
• 1926 Subpart K Electrical
• NFPA 70E
• API RP 54 Section 10 Drilling and Well Servicing
  Rig Electrical Systems

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Your Employer Is Responsible For

• Creating lockout/tagout procedures
• Training employees to become authorized employees
  and ensuring only they perform lockout/tagout
• Providing all necessary equipment and ppe to
  ensure your safety
• Responding to and correcting hazards pointed out
  by you, the worker

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You Are Responsible For

• Following your companys lockout/tagout
  procedures
• Inspecting electric power tools and extension
  cords before each use
• Operating heavy equipment and cranes at least 10
  away from overhead powerlines
• Wearing the appropriate ppe
• Correcting the hazards you are able to correct
• Reporting to your supervisor the hazards you are
  unable to correct

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Case Study

• A worker began repairing a cable that had been
  damaged by a truck, he deenergized the cable.
  Another worker reenergized it. The worker making
  the repair died.

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Case Study

• A pump jack, being moved with a gin pole truck,
  came into contact with or came near an electrical
  line.

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Always Remember

• Follow lockout/tagout procedures
• Label all breakers, switches, and other
  disconnects
• Wear appropriate ppe
• Be aware of powerlines
• Inspect extension cords frequently

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Memory Check

• You, your equipment, and materials should stay at
  least how many feet away from overhead
  powerlines?
• 6 inches
• 10 feet
• 30 feet
• 100 feet

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Memory Check

• What must be connected to each extension cord
  that is in use?
• an AC/DC convertor
• a GFCI
• a 3-to-2 prong adaptor
• a cord reel

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Memory Check

• What should an equipment operator who has
  contacted an overhead powerline NOT do?
• stay in the equipment, if possible
• jump with feet apart
• shuffle or hop across the ground
• warn all others to stay away