STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Clinical Internship

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STANDARDPRECAUTIONSClinical Internship
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Governmental Agencies

• OSHA
• Protects Workers

• CDC
• Protects Patients Workers

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Defense Systems

• Internal
• Immune System
• T Cells
• WBC
• Antibodies

• External
• Skin
• Tears
• Mucus

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Immunity

• Active
• Made by person
• Exposure to pathogen
• Vaccination

• Passive
• Not made by person
• From mother
• From injection

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• Bacteria
• Live outside cells
• Complete cell
• Produce spores
• Respond to antibiotics

• Virus
• Live inside cells
• DNA or RNA
• Do not respond to antibiotics

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AIDS/HIV

• Virus that infects T Cells
• Spread by blood body fluids
• 6 month Window of Infectability
• Begins with Flu-like symptoms
• Can be HIV for years before developing
  full-blown AIDS
• 15 24 most rapidly growing group

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Tuberculosis

• Bacteria that infects alveoli
• Super Bug mutation
• Begins with LRI symptoms
• Spread by air-borne droplets
• BCG vaccine available
• Most respond to antibiotics

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Hepatitis B/C

• Virus infects liver cells
• Spread by blood body fluids
• Begins with Flu-like symptoms
• Causes jaundice
• Vaccine for Hepatitis B available
• Hepatitis C increases risk of cancer

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Meningitis

• Bacteria or Virus infects meninges
• Spread by blood, body fluids air-borne droplets
• Begins with Flu-like symptoms nuchal rigidity
• Super Bug mutation
• Bacterial treated with antibiotics

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Herpes II

• Viral infection of skin mucous membranes
• Causes blister-like lesions
• Spread by direct contact
• Antivirals available
• Herpetic Whitloe on fingers

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Fomite inanimate object that spread
infectionVector animal or insect that spreads
infection
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Vaccines

• MMR
• Hepatitis B
• Flu
• Tetanus
• Chicken Pox
• DPT

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Needed for Infection

• Reservoir
• Portal of exit
• Mode of transmission
• Portal of entry
• Susceptible person
• Sufficient number of pathogens

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Symptoms of Infection

• Fever
• Malaise
• Inflammation
• Swelling
• Pain
• Elevated WBC

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Antibiotic

• Drug that kills microorganisms pathogens
  non-pathogens
• Culture and Sensitivity
• Topical, PO, IM, IV
• Penicillin, Bactrin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline,
  Cipro

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Portals of Entry/Exit

• Skin
• Mucous Membranes
• Respiratory Tract
• GI Tract

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Components of Standard Precautions

• Personal Hygiene
• Protective Barriers
• Environmental Controls
• Cleaning and Disinfection

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Personal Hygiene

• Daily Bathing
• Hand washing
• Scrubbing removes pathogens

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Protective Barriers

• Mask respiratory tract mucous membranes
• Goggles mucous membranes
• Gown skin
• Gloves - skin

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Environmental Controls

• Equipment and supply placement
• Red color

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Cleaning and Disinfecting

• Clean first
• Disinfect second
• Dispose of all materials

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Cleaning removes dirt debris soap
water.Disinfection slows reproduction kills
most pathogens chemicals. Bleach 10
solution.Sterilization kills all microorganisms
spores chemicals autoclaving.
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Asepsis

• Medical
• Clean technique
• Concurrent
• Terminal
• Slows or kills most pathogens, but not spores

• Surgical
• Sterile technique
• Prior
• Concurrent
• Kills all microorganisms and spores

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Post-Exposure

• Wash area STAT
• Report incident
• Write incident report

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Exposure Control Plan

• Required by OSHA
• States hazards
• Transmission methods
• Protection methods
• Employer/employee responsibilities
• Post-exposure procedures

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To Clean Up Spill

• Put on gloves
• Soak up fluid
• Clean area
• Disinfect area
• Place all debris in Red Biohazard bag
• Wash hands

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Biohazard

• Red colored items
• Biohazard symbol