Metabolism

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Metabolism
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Metabolism

• The sum of all cell activity
• How cells make energy from the food we eat to
  conduct body processes.
• The process starts with digestion.

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TCA or Krebs Cycle

• Tricarboxylic acid Cycle
• The mechanism by which cells convert food
  metabolites into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
• ATP is an organic molecule that stores and
  releases chemical energy from cell reactions.
• This process happens in the mitochondria of our
  cells.

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Food Metabolites

• ALL the food we eat breaks down into these
  constituents (or metabolites)
• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Protein
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Fiber

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Energy Yielding Nutrients

• Only carbohydrates, fat and protein are used as
  an energy source.
• These nutrients are broken down to basic
  metabolites by the digestion process.
• Carbohydrate yields glucose
• Fats yield glycerol and fatty acids
• Proteins yield amino acids

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Other Nutrients

• Vitamins and Minerals act as coenzymes that
  assist in the breakdown of the energy yielding
  nutrients.
• Water acts as a solvent in which metabolism
  occurs.

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Metabolism The beginning

• Cells receive glucose, glycerol, fatty acids and
  amino acids via the blood stream.
• The cells take these metabolites convert them
  into two substances
• Pyruvate (a three carbon substance)
• Acetyl CoA (a two carbon substance joined by a
  coenzyme made from the vitamin panothenic acid.
• Enzymes are need for metabolism to occur

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Once all metabolites are converted to Acetyl CoA,
they can do one of the following1. Enter the
TCA cycle and eventually generate ATP2. it can
be used to synthesize fats.
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