HANTAVIRUS An Increasing Public Health Concern in Urban Areas.

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HANTAVIRUSAn Increasing Public Health Concern in
Urban Areas.

• Walters Y Mbimba
• PhD Student in Public Health.
• Walden University
• PUBH 8165 Environmental Health
• Instructor Dr. Howard Rubin
• Spring 2011

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Learning Outcomes

• Origin of Hantavirus
• History of Hantavirus.
• Transmission
• Prevention and Control
• Bioterrorism
• Reference.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.

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What is Hanta virus?

• Cause of Hantavirus pulmonary Syndrome (HPS).
• A newly identified disease but not an emerging
  disease.
• Existed as early as 1959
• First diagnosed in 1978.
• 1993 outbreak at four corners in southwest region
• (New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Utah)
• Healthy young adults developed respiratory
  disease.
• 50 mortality.
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency
  (EPA), (2011). Retrieved from www.epa.gov.

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Anatomy

• Family of Bunyavirus
• Single Stranded negatively sensed.
• Enveloped RNA Virus
• Replicates in cytoplasm of cells.
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.

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Distribution

• Common in areas with heavy rodent population.
• South Western Region of US (Historical).
• Only about 20-40 cases yearly in the US recently.
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.

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Descriptive Statistics of HPS from 1993 to 2009

• SEX/ETHNICITYPERCENTAGE ().
• Males 63
• Females 37.
• Whites 78
• American Indians 18
• African American 2
• Asians 1
• Mean Age 37years
• Range - 6-83 years
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.

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Transmission

• By Rodents.
• White footed mouse and deer mouse.
• When in contact with rodent feces, urine or
  saliva
• Rodents found in buildings
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency
  (EPA), (2011). Retrieved from www.epa.gov.

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Symptoms of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS).

• Respiratory Distress
• Cough.
• Shortness of breath.
• Flu-like,

• 
  Vomiting
• 
  Fever
• Myaglia
  Chills
• headache, Nausea
• muscle pain.
• Abdominal pain
• Back Pain
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.

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Treatment of HPS

• Rare but deadly disease.
• Go to Emergency Room immediately HPS is
  suspected.
• Intensive care unit
• No specific treatment.
• Careful Monitoring.
• Fluid/Electrolyte therapy
• Blood pressure monitoring.
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.

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Management and Prevention of (HPS).

• Consult your health provider
• Keep high hygienic conditions
• Control of rodents
• Integrated Pest management Practices (IPM).
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection
  (2011).Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency
  (EPA), (2011). Retrieved from www.epa.gov.

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Public Health Significance of Hantavirus

• Little knowledge about risk factors of HPS.
• Laboratory animal workers are at risk.
• Man to man transmission is not possible.
• Clinicians-Physicians, nurses and laboratory
  Technicians at risk.
• Major biosafety concern for OSHA.
• Bioterrorism
• References
• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/.
• Center for Disease Control and Protection (2011).
  All About Hantavirus. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov

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Conclusion

• HPS is rare but fatal.
• HPS can be engineered and produce in mass
  quantities
• Recognize HPS as a public Health issue especially
  Bioterrorism
• Health Education
• Prompt Response if infection is suspected.
• Report suspicious Activities

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References

• Knust, B (2010).A Cup of Health. A CDC weekly
  feature of the MMWR. Retrieved from
  www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/
• Center for Disease Control and Protection (2011).
  All About Hantavirus. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov.
  
• United States Environmental Protection Agency
  (EPA), (2011). Retrieved from www.epa.gov.

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Sources For Further Reading

• The World Health Organization (2011).Retrieved at
  www.who.org
• Urban Integrated Pest Management (1992) A Guide
  for commercial Applicators.EPA,Pesticide and
  Toxic Substances
• Washington State Department of Notifiable
  Conditions (2011). Retrieved from www.doh.wa.gov