Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)

1
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
(HAZWOPER)

• 29 CFR 1910.120

2
An Outline of the Provisions of 1910.120

• Scope, application, and definitions
• Safety and health program
• Site characterization and analysis
• Site control
• Training
• Medical surveillance

• Engineering controls, work practices and personal
  protective equipment (PPE)
• Monitoring
• Informational programs
• Handling drums and containers
• Decontamination

3
An Outline of the Provisions of 1910.120

• Emergency response by employees
• Illumination
• Sanitation at temporary workplaces
• New technology programs
• Operations under RCRA
• Hazardous substance release

4
Purpose
1910.120

• The purpose of HAZWOPER is to improve the ability
  of employees and employers to respond to
  emergencies caused by releases of hazardous
  substances.

5
Scope
1910.120(a)(1)

• Covers the following operations
• Clean-up operations required by a governmental
  body, whether federal, state, local or other,
  involving hazardous substances that are conducted
  at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
• Corrective actions involving clean-up operations
  at sites covered by Resource Conservation and
  Recovery Act (RCRA).
• Voluntary clean-up operations at sites recognized
  by federal, state, local or other governmental
  bodies as uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.

6
Scope
1910.120(a)(1)

• Operations involving hazardous wastes that are
  conducted at treatment, storage and disposal
  facilities licensed under the Resource
  Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
• Emergency response operations for release of, or
  substantial threats of release of, hazardous
  substances.

7
Scope
1910.120(a)(1)

• Unless
• The employer can demonstrate that the operation
  does not involve employee exposure or the
  reasonable possibility for employee exposure to
  safety or health hazards.

8
Definitions
1910.120(a)(3)

• Hazardous substance
• Any substance to which exposure results or may
  result in adverse effects on the health or safety
  of employees.
• Any substance defined under section 101(14) of
  CERCLA
• Any biologic agent and other disease causing
  agent
• Listed by the U.S. DOT (49 CFR 172.101)
• Hazardous waste

9
Definitions
1910.120(a)(3)

• Hazardous Waste
• EPA defines hazardous waste as by-products of
  society that can pose a substantial or potential
  hazard to human health or the environment when
  improperly managed. It possesses at least one of
  four characteristics (ignitability, reactivity,
  toxicity, or corrosiveness), or appears on
  special EPA lists.
• Hazardous waste operations
• Any operation conducted within
• the scope of the HAZWOPER standard.

10
Definitions
1910.120(a)(3)

• Hazardous materials response (HAZMAT) team
• An organized group of employees, designated by
  the employer, who are expected to perform work to
  handle and control actual or potential leaks or
  spills of hazardous substances.

11
Definitions
1910.120(a)(3)

• Emergency response
• A response effort by employees from outside the
  immediate release area or by other designated
  responders (i.e., mutual aid groups, local fire
  departments, etc.)

12
Definitions
1910.120(a)(3)

• Incidental release
• Release of a hazardous substance that does not
  pose a significant safety or health hazard to
  employees in the immediate vicinity or to the
  worker cleaning it up, nor does it have the
  potential to become an emergency.

13
Definitions
1910.120(a)(3)

• Post emergency response
• That portion of an emergency response performed
  after the immediate threat of a release has been
  stabilized or eliminated and clean-up of the site
  has begun.

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Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(1)(i)

• Employers shall develop and implement a written
  safety and health program for their employees
  involved in hazardous waste operations.

Safety Health Program
Safety Health Program
15
Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)

• Program shall incorporate
• Organizational structure
• Comprehensive work plan
• Site-specific safety and health plan
• Safety and health training program
• Medical surveillance program
• Employers standard operating procedures for
  safety and health
• Any necessary interface between general program
  and site-specific program

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Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(1)(iv)-(v)

• Contractors and subcontractors
• Shall be informed of
• Emergency response procedures
• Any potential fire, explosion, health, safety or
  other hazards of the operation
• Program availability
• Shall be made available to any contractor or
  subcontractor

17
Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(2)

• Organizational structure
• Elements
• General supervisor
• Site safety and health supervisor
• Other personnel needed for HAZWOPER
• Lines of authority, responsibility and
  communication
• Organizational structure shall be updated as
  necessary.

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Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(3)

• Comprehensive workplan shall
• Define anticipated clean-up activities
• Define work tasks and objectives
• Shall establish personnel requirements
• Shall provide for the implementation of training
• Provide for implementation of informational
  programs
• Implementation of medical surveillance program

19
Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(4)

• Site-specific safety and health plan
• Elements
• Hazard analysis for each site task
• Employee training assignments
• Personal protective equipment
• Used by employees for each site task
• Medical surveillance requirements
• Frequency and types of air monitoring
• Personnel

20
Safety and Health Program
1910.120(b)(4)

• Site control measures
• Site map
• Work zones
• Use of buddy system
• Site communications
• Safe work practices
• Identification of nearest medical facilities
• Decontamination procedures
• Emergency response plan

21
Site Characterization/Analysis
1910.120(c)(1)

• Hazardous waste sites shall be evaluated to
  identify specific site hazards and to determine
  the appropriate safety and health control
  procedures needed to protect employees.

22
Site Characterization/Analysis
1910.120(c)(2)-(3)

• Preliminary evaluation
• Performed prior to site entry
• Hazard identification
• Conditions that may pose inhalation or skin
  absorption hazard that are immediately dangerous
  to life or health (IDLH) shall be identified.

23
Site Characterization/Analysis
1910.120(c)(4)

• Required information
• Location and approximate size of the site
• Description of response/job to be performed.
• Duration of employee activity
• Site topography and accessibility
• Expected safety and health hazards
• Status and capabilities of emergency response
  teams
• Expected or involved hazardous substances

24
Site Characterization/Analysis
1910.120(c)(5)

• Personal protective equipment
• Shall be provided and used during initial site
  entry
• If respiratory protection is warranted, an escape
  SCBA of at least five minutes shall be carried.
• Level B PPE shall be provided if sufficient
  information is not available to identify the
  hazards.
• Once hazards identified, the appropriate
• PPE shall be selected.

25
Monitoring

• 1910.120(c)(6)

• Shall be conducted during initial site entry when
  the site evaluation produces information which
  shows the potential for ionizing radiation or
  IDLH conditions, or when the site information is
  not sufficient reasonably to eliminate these
  conditions

26
Risk Identification

• 1910.120(c)(7)(c)(8)

• Once the presence and concentrations of specific
  hazardous substances and health hazards have been
  established, the risks associated with these
  substances shall be identified.
• Employees who will be working
• on the site shall be informed of
• any risks that have been identified.

27
Training
1910.120(e)(1)

• Employees shall not be permitted to participate
  in or supervise field activities until they have
  been trained to a level required by their job
  function and responsibility.

28
Training Program Elements
1910.120(e)(2)

• Names of personnel and alternates responsible for
  site safety and health
• Safety, health and other hazards on site
• Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on
  site
• Work practices by which the employee can minimize
  risks from hazards
• Use of PPE
• Medical surveillance requirements
• Contents of site safety and health plan

29
Initial Training
1910.120(e)(3)(i)

• General site workers
• Equipment operators
• General laborers
• Supervisory personnel
• Training
• Minimum 40 hours off-site
• Three days field experienceminimum

30
Initial Training
1910.120(e)(3)(ii)

• Workers on-site to complete specific limited
  tasks
• Ground water monitoring
• Land surveying
• Geophysical surveying
• On-site workers unlikely to be exposed over
  permissible exposure limits (PEL)
• Training
• Receive 24 hours of instruction off-site
• One day actual field experience

31
Initial Training
1910.120(e)(3)(iii)

• Regular on-site workers
• Exposures under PEL and respirators not required
• Training
• Receive 24 hours of instruction off-site
• One day actual field experience

32
Initial Training
1910.120(e)(3)(iv)

• Workers with 24 hours of training
• Who become general site workers or are required
  to wear respirators
• Training
• Receive 16 additional hours of instruction
  off-site
• Two days of actual field experience

33
Initial Training
1910.120(e)(4)

• Management and supervisors
• Supervise employees engaged in hazardous waste
  operations
• Training
• Receive 40 hours of instruction off-site
• Three days of actual field experience

34
Initial Training
1910.120(e)(4)

• Management and supervisors
• Training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day
  if only responsible for
• Workers on site occasionally
• Workers exposures under permissible exposure
  limits

35
Qualifications for Trainers
1910.120(e)(5)

• Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees
  about the subject matter that is being presented.
  
• Instructors shall be competent and knowledgeable
  in subject matter.
• Means possessing the skills, knowledge,
  experience, and judgment to perform assigned
  tasks or activities satisfactorily as determined
  by the employer

36
Qualifications for Trainers
1910.120(e)(5)

• Qualifications shown by academic degrees,
  completed training courses and/or work
  experience.
• OSHA does not certify instructors.

37
Training Certification
1910.120(e)(6)

• Certification
• Employees shall be certified by an instructor as
  having completed the training.
• Those not certified are prohibited from engaging
  in hazardous waste operations.
• Written certificate

38
Equivalent Training
1910.120(e)(9)

• Employers who can show documentation or
  certification that an employee has equivalent
  training and/or work experience.
• Initial training not required
• Employees new to a site must receive
  site-specific training before entry.

39
Equivalent Training
1910.120(e)(9)

• Equivalent training includes any academic
  training or the training that existing employees
  might have already received from actual hazardous
  waste site experience.

40
Refresher Training
1910.120(e)(8)

• Employees, managers and supervisors shall receive
  eight hours of refresher training annually.

41
Training FAQ
Interpretation

• Is computer-based training acceptable for
  refresher training?
• Standard Interpretation 11/22/1994 - The use of
  computer-based training to satisfy OSHA training
  requirements.
• May meet some refresher training requirements
• Not sufficient by itself

42
Training FAQ
Interpretation

• What if refresher training isnt received in 12
  months?
• Standard Interpretation 03/12/1993 - Hazardous
  waste operations and emergency response lapsed
  refresher training requirements.
• If the date of refresher training has lapsed
• Repeat of initial training must be based on the
  employees familiarity with safety and health
  procedures used on site.
• Employee should take next available refresher
  training course.

43
Training FAQ
Interpretation

• Can refresher training be given in segments?
• Standard Interpretation 07/21/1992 - Refresher
  training and HAZWOPER
• Refresher training may be given in segments so
  long as the required eight hours have been
  completed by the employees anniversary date.

44
Training Records
Appendix E

• Recordkeeping
• Should be maintained for a minimum of five years
  after the training date

HAZWOPER
45
Medical Surveillance
1910.120(f)

• Instituted by the employer for the following
  employees
• Exposed to hazardous substances or health hazards
  at or above the PEL
• Employees who wear a respirator 30 days or more a
  year
• Employees who are injured, become ill or possible
  overexposure
• Members of HAZMAT teams

46
Medical Surveillance
1910.120(f)

• Medical examinations shall be made available
• Prior to assignment
• At least once every twelve months
• At termination of employment
• As soon as possible after notification that
  employee has developed signs of overexposure
• More frequently as determined by a doctor
• At no cost to employee
• Without loss of pay
• Reasonable time and place

47
Medical Surveillance
1910.120(f)(7)

• Physicians written opinion
• Employer furnish the employee with a copy of
  written opinion
• Whether employee has any medical conditions that
  place employee at increased risk
• Recommended limitations on employees assignments
• Results of medical examination
• Statement that employee has been informed
• of results

48
Medical Surveillance Records
1910.120(f)

• Recordkeeping
• Employee exposure and medical records (1910.1020)
• Medical record for each employee shall be
  preserved and maintained for at least the
  duration of employment plus 30 years.

49
Engineering Controls and Work Practices
1910.120(g)

• Engineering controls and work practices are the
  preferred means to control employee exposure.
• Instituted to reduce and maintain employee
  exposure to or below the permissible exposure
  limits.
• Employee rotation prohibited except when there is
  no other way of complying with ionizing radiation
  dose limits.

50
Engineering Controls and Work Practices
1910.120(g)(1)

• May include
• Equipment operated remotely
• Removing non-essential employees from potential
  exposure
• Wetting down dusty operations
• Locate employees upwind of hazard

51
PPE
1910.120(g)(3)

• The purpose of PPE is to shield or isolate
  individuals from the chemical, physical and
  biologic hazards that may be encountered.
• Four categories
• Level A
• Level B
• Level C
• Level D

52
PPE - Level A

• Selected when the greatest level of skin,
  respiratory, and eye protection is required.
• Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit
• Full face-piece SCBA
• Gloves (inner/outer)
• Boots, boot-covers
• Disposable protective suit

53
PPELevel B

• Selected when the highest level of respiratory
  protection is necessary but a lesser level of
  skin protection is needed.
• Full face-piece SCBA
• Hooded chemical
• resistant clothing
• Gloves (inner/outer)
• Boots, boot-covers

54
PPELevel C

• Selected when the concentration(s) and type(s) of
  airborne substances is known and the criteria for
  using air purifying respirators are met.
• Full-face or half mask, air purifying respirator
• (NIOSH Approved)
• Hooded chemical resistant clothing
• Gloves inner/outer
• Boots, boot-covers

55
PPELevel D

• A work uniform affording minimal protection.
• Coveralls
• Gloves
• Glasses
• Boots, chemical resistant
  steel toe

56
Monitoring-Initial Entry
1910.120(h)(2)

• Initial entry
• Monitor to identify IDLH condition

57
Periodic Monitoring
1910.120(h)(3)

• When the possibility of IDLH condition or
  flammable atmosphere has developed

58
Monitoring of High-Risk Employees
1910.120(h)(4)

• High-risk employees
• After the actual clean-up phase commences, the
  employer shall monitor those employees likely to
  have the highest exposures.

59
Informational Programs
1910.120(i)

• Employers shall develop and implement a program,
  which is part of the safety and health program,
  to inform employees, contractors and
  subcontractors (or their representative) of the
  level and degree of exposure likely to occur.

60
Drums and Containers
1910.120(j)

• Handling drums and containers
• General requirements for drum and container
  handling
• Procedures for opening drums and containers
• Materials handling equipment
• Radioactive, shock sensitive and lab waste
• Sampling of drums and containers
• Shipping and transporting
• Tanks and vaults

61
Decontamination
1910.120(k)(2)

• Prior to site entry, decontamination procedures
  must be
• Implemented
• Developed
• Communicated to employees

62
Decontamination
1910.120(k)(2)

• Site safety and health supervisor must monitor
  effectiveness of the decontamination procedure.

63
Decontamination
1910.120(k)(5) 1910.120(k)(8)

• Equipment and PPE must be decontaminated or
  disposed of in a proper manner.
• Regular showers and change rooms must meet the
  requirements of the OSHA sanitation
  standard1910.141(d)(3)

64
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
1910.120(l)

• An uncontrolled hazardous waste site is defined
  as an area where an accumulation of hazardous
  substances creates a threat to the health and
  safety of individuals, the environment, or both.
• Emergency response by employees
• A written emergency response plan is required.
• Employers who will evacuate all personnel and not
  allow them to participate in response efforts are
  exempt from this requirement, but must prepare an
  emergency action plan as required by 29 CFR
  1910.38.

65
Uncontrolled HazardousWaste Sites
1910.120(l)(2)

• Elements of emergency response plan
• Pre-emergency planning
• Personnel roles, lines of authority, training and
  communication
• Emergency recognition and prevention
• Safe distances and places of refuge
• Site security and control
• Evacuation routes and procedures

66
Uncontrolled HazardousWaste Sites
1910.120(l)(2)

• Decontamination procedures
• Emergency medical treatment and first aid
• Emergency alerting and response procedures
• Critique of response and follow-up
• PPE and emergency equipment

67
Illumination
1910.120(m)

• Areas accessible to employees shall be lighted.

68
Illumination
Foot Candles Area or Operations
5 General site areas
3 Excavation and waste areas, accessways, active storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field maintenance areas.
5 Indoors warehouses, corridors, hallways, and exitways.
5 Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas (Exception minimum of 10 foot-candles is required at tunnel and shaft heading during drilling, mucking, and scaling. Mine Safety and Health Administration approved cap lights shall be acceptable for use in the tunnel heading.)
10 General shops (e.g., mechanical and electrical equipment rooms, active storerooms, barracks or living quarters, locker or dressing rooms, dining areas, and indoor toilets and workrooms.)
30 First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.
Table H-120.1
69
Sanitation
1910.120(n)

• Sanitation at temporary workplaces
• Requirements
• Adequate supply of potable water and outlets for
  nonpotable water
• Food handling shall meet applicable laws
• Adequate washing facilities
• Showers and change rooms provided

70
Sanitation
Table H-120.2

• Sanitation at temporary workplaces
• Requirements
• Toilets shall be provided in accordance with
  Table H-120.2

Number of employees Minimum number of facilities
20 or fewer One
More than 20, fewer than 200 One toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 employees
More than 200 One toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 employees
71
New Technology
1910.120(o)(2)

• Employer shall develop and implement procedures
  for the introduction of effective new
  technologies and equipment.
• Evaluation shall be done to determine the
  effectiveness of the new methods, materials, or
  equipment.

Chemical detection
72
TSD Facilities
1910.120(p)

• Treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities
• Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
  of 1976 (RCRA), employers who conduct operations
  at TSD facilities shall implement
• Safety and health program
• Hazard communication program
• Medical surveillance program
• Decontamination program

73
TSD Facilities
1910.120(p)(7)

• Training program
• New employees
• Initial training 24 hours
• Annual refresher 8 hours
• Current employees
• Previous work experience and/or training
• Annual refresher 8 hours
• Trainers
• Completed training course
• Competent instructional skills

74
TSD Facilities
1910.120(p)(8)

• Emergency response program
• An emergency response plan developed and
  implemented.
• If employees are evacuated from the worksite when
  an emergency occurs and do not assist in handling
  the emergency are exempt if they provide an
  emergency action plan complying with 29 CFR
  1910.38.

75
Emergency Response
1910.120(a)(3)

• Defined as a response effort by employees from
  outside the immediate release area or by other
  designated responders (i.e., mutual aid groups,
  local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence
  which results, or is likely to result, in an
  uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance.

76
Emergency Response Plan
1910.120(q)(1)

• An emergency response plan shall be
• Developed and implemented to handle anticipated
  emergencies.
• In writing and available for inspection.
• Employers who evacuate their employees from the
  worksite are exempt from the requirements of this
  paragraph.
• Plan must comply with 29 CFR 1910.38.

77
Emergency Response Plan
1910.120(q)(2)

• Elements of an emergency response plan
• Pre-emergency planning and coordination with
  outside parties
• Personnel roles, including lines of authority,
  training, and communication
• Emergency recognition and procedure
• Safe distances and places of refuge
• Site security and control
• Evacuation routes and procedures
• Decontamination
• Emergency medical treatment and first aid
• Emergency alerting and response procedures
• Critique of response and follow-up
• PPE and emergency equipment

78
Handling Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(3)

• Procedures for handling emergency response
• The senior responding emergency response official
  shall become the individual in charge of a
  site-specific ICS
• The ICS commander shall identify, to the fullest
  extent possible, all hazardous substance or
  conditions present
• The ICS commander shall implement appropriate
  emergency operations and assure that appropriate
  PPE is worn
• Employees engaged in emergency response and
  exposed to potentially hazardous substances shall
  wear positive pressure SCBS while engaged in
  emergency response
• The ICS commander shall limit the number of
  emergency response personnel at the emergency site

79
Handling Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(3)

1. Back up personnel shall be standing by with
   equipment ready to provide assistance or rescue.
2. The ICS commander shall identify a safety officer
   who is knowledgeable in the operation being
   implemented at the emergency response site
3. When the safety officer judges activities to be
   IDLH and /or involve an imminent danger
   condition, he has the authority to terminate
   those activities.
4. After emergency operations have been terminated,
   the ICS commander shall implement appropriate
   decontamination procedures.
5. When deemed necessary, approved SCBA may be used
   with approved cylinders from other approved SCBA
   provided that such cylinders are of the same
   capacity and pressure rating.

80
Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(4)

• Skilled support personnel
• Skilled in the operation of certain equipment
• Earth moving, digging, crane and
  hoisting equipment
• Needed temporarily
• Shall be given initial briefing on
  PPE, chemical hazards
  and
• duties

81
Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(5)

• Specialist employees
• Technical advisor who is trained in the hazards
  of
  specific hazardous substances.
• Shall receive training or demonstrate competence
  in
  area of expertise

82
Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(6)

• Training
• Based on the duties and function to be performed
  by each responder of an emergency response
  organization.

83
Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(6)(i)

• First responder awareness level
• Individuals who are likely to witness or discover
  a hazardous substance release.
• Trained to initiate an emergency response
  sequence by notifying the proper authorities.
• Shall have sufficient training or demonstrate
  competence in areas listed in 1910.120(q)(6).
• Shall take no further action than initiating an
  emergency response.

84
Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)

• First responder operations level
• Individuals who respond to releases or potential
  releases of hazardous substances as part of the
  initial response.
• Receive at least eight hours of training or have
  had sufficient experience to demonstrate
  competence in areas listed in 1910.120(q)(6)(ii).

85
Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)

• Hazardous materials technician
• Individuals who respond to releases or potential
  releases of hazardous substances for the purpose
  of stopping the release.
• Receive at least 24 hours of training equal to
  first responder operations level and in addition,
  have competency in the areas listed in
  1910.120(q)(6)(iii).

86
Emergency Response

• 1910.120(q)(6)(iv)

• Hazardous materials specialist
• Individuals who respond and provide support to
  hazardous materials technicians.
• Receive at least 24 hours of training equal to
  technician level and in addition, have competency
  in the areas listed in 1910.120(q)(6)(iv).

87
Emergency Response

• 1910.120(q)(6)(v)

• On scene incident commander
• Individuals who assume control of the incident
  scene beyond the first responder awareness level.
• Receive at least 24 hours of training equal to
  the first responder operations level and in
  addition, have competency in the areas listed in
  1910.120(q)(6)(v).

88
Emergency Response Training
Interpretation

• What are the HAZWOPER training requirements for
  hospital staff?
• 03/10/1999Emergency response training necessary
  for hospital physicians/nurses that may treat
  contaminated patients
• If personnel are expected to provide limited
  decontamination services in order to attend to
  medical problems, they must be trained to the
  first responder operations level with emphasis on
  the use of PPE and decontamination procedures.

89
Emergency Response Training
13 NCAC 07F .0103

• First responder operations plus
• First responders who respond to hydrocarbon fuel
  tank leaks where the leaking tanks contain a
  hydrocarbon fuel which is used to propel the
  vehicle on which the tank is located.

90
Emergency Response Training
13 NCAC 07F .0103

• First responder operations plus
• Gasoline
• Diesel fuel
• Propane
• Other hydrocarbon fuels
• Shall receive training equal to first responder
  operations level

91
Emergency Response Training
13 NCAC 07F .0103

• First responder operations plus
• Usage of proper specialized PPE provided to the
  first responder at operations plus level
• Understanding of basic hazardous materials terms
  as they pertain to hydrocarbon fuels
• Understanding hazard and risk
• assessment techniques that
• pertain to hydrocarbon fuels

92
Emergency Response Training
13 NCAC 07F .0103

• First responder operations plus
• Perform control, containment, or confinement
  operations
• Understand and know how to
• implement decontamination
• procedures for hydrocarbon fuels

93
Post-Emergency Response
1910.120(q)(11)(ii)

• Response personnel and training requirements
• Clean-up by workplace employees
• Clean-up is done on plant property using plant
  employees shall complete training requirements
  of
• Hand Protection (1910.138)
• Respiratory Protection (1910.134)
• HazCom (1910.1200)

94
Summary

• Purpose
• Scope
• Definitions
• Safety and health program
• Site characterization and analysis
• Training

95
Summary

• Medical surveillance
• Engineering controls, work practices
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Monitoring
• Informational programs
• Handling drums and containers

96
Summary

• Decontamination
• Hazardous waste sites
• Illumination
• Temporary work places
• New technology programs
• TSD facilities
• Response personnel and training requirements

97

• Final Questions?