EL PODER NOTARIAL/ POWER OF ATTORNEY

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EL PODER NOTARIAL/ POWER OF ATTORNEY

• Análisis genérico de textos jurídicos poder
  notarial en inglés y en español
• Fina Belén Sánchez Galera

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ÍNDICE

• Introducción al poder notarial (en inglés y
  español)
• Definición
• Tipologías o clasificación
• Análisis detallado del poder notarial en inglés y
  en español.
• Foco contextual
• Intertextualidad
• Tenor o tono
• Macroestructura
• Morfología y sintaxis
• Glosario
• Conclusión
• Bibliografía

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INTRODUCCIÓN AL PODER NOTARIAL
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Definición

• Definición PODER NOTARIAL/PODER DE
  REPRESENTACIÓN documento público y legal por el
  que una persona poderdante/mandante designa a
  otra apoderado para que la represente en el
  área jurídica, en asuntos económicos, etc. y de
  ahí, que actúe en su nombre. El acto de concesión
  de una capacidad concreta se denomina
  apoderamiento.
• Es un documento protocolizado (a document under
  seal), se otorga ante notario y queda sin valor a
  la muerte del poderdante o cuando éste lo revoca.
  
• El poder notarial se puede utilizar en cualquier
  tipo de asunto (legal, económico, etc.)

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Clasificación

• Clasificación de los poderes notariales
• A) Ordinarios

• General el poderdante autoriza a otra persona
  apoderado- a que actúe en su nombre en todo tipo
  de actos
• - administrar las cuentas bancarias
• - vender o comprar propiedades
• - hacer transacciones bancarias, etc.
• Específico el poderdante sólo le otorga al
  apoderado poderes concretos. Por ejemplo
• - pedir préstamo bancario

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Clasificación

• B) Duración

• Permanente seguirá siendo efectivo aún después
  de que el poderdante/otorgante sufra una
  incapacidad.
• Limitado caducará en el momento que el
  poderdante quede discapacitado.

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LEAD-IN TO POWER OF ATTORNEY
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Introduction

• Definition it is a document that evidences the
  creation of a relationship between two people who
  are designated as the principal/donor/granter
  and the agent/attorney-in-fact/attorney (In
  Common Law Jurisdiction).
• The principal designates the agent in the
  document, and the agent is authorized to act on
  the principals behalfto stand in the shoes of
  the principalfor whatever business the power of
  attorney permits.

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Watch out!

• Be careful!
• Attorney-in-fact ? attorney-at-law
• or attorney
• (apoderado) (abogado)

The person empowered by the donor to handle
his/her affairs. He cannot practice law.
A person, learned in law -legally licensed- to
practise law (whether in law or giving advice).It
could be a synonym for lawyer.
N.B In this legal context, an attorney is not a
lawyer.
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Classification of the POA

• Types of powers
• I. Concerning the extent/amplitude of the power
• I.I General the agent can conduct any sort of
  business on behalf of the principal
• I.II Specific the agent can only conduct the
  transactions authorized in the document.
• II. Concerning the duration
• II.I Durable/lasting the same as the Spanish one
• II.II Limited the same as the Spanish one

Very flexible documents
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Classification of the POA

• Concerning the affair
• - Special Power of Attorney (e.g. legal affairs)
• - Health care Power of Attorney (the donor
  appoints someone to make health care decisions on
  his/her behalf if s/he is unconscious, unable or
  mentally incompetent).
• - Property and Affairs Power of Attorney
• - General Power of Attorney (the authorization to
  act on someones behalf is very wide)

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Power/letter of attorney

• Detailed analysis

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I. Language functions.

• Based on Hatim Masons three main functions of
  the texts
• Expositive to deal with objects and situations
  to organize actions and events in a specific
  order conceptual exposition, description and
  narration.
• Argumentative to manage or steer the situation
  in a manner favourable to the text producers
  goals.
• Exhortative/Instructive to draw the interest of
  the readers and persuade them to do or abstain
  from doing something operative texts.
• With option advertising
• Without option contracts, treaties.
• (Hatim Masons 1990)

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I. Contextual focus

• Primary focus instructive
• I, Paul Stanley, the undersigned, of Marina del
  Este Street number 15, do hereby confer full
  power of attorney to Alfonso López Martínez on
  January 11th, 2008, as true and lawful
  attorney-at-law for me and in my name, place and
  stead, and on my behalf, and for my use and
  benefit on court of anywhere, regarding the
  following
• 1. To ask, demand, litigate, recover all manner
  of goods, chattels, debts, rents, interest, sums
  of money and demads whatsoever, and to make,
  give and execute acquittances, receipts
• 2. To appear, answer and defend in all actions
  and suits

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I.Contextual focus

• Secondary focus expositive (1st last
  parapraph)
• I, Paul Stanley, the undersigned, of Marina
  del Este Street number 15, do hereby confer full
  power of attorney to Alfonso López Martínez on
  January 11th, 2008, as true and lawful
  attorney-at-law for me and in my name, place and
  stead, and on my behalf, and for my use and
  benefit on court of anywhere, regarding the
  following
• I,Paul Stanley, whose name is signed to the
  foregoing instrument, having been duly qualified
  according to the law, do hereby acknowledge that
  I signed and executed this power of attorney
  that I am of sound mind that I am eighteen (18)
  years of age or signed it as my free and
  voluntary act for the purpose therein expressed.

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II. INTERTEXTUALITY

• Definition Derived from the Latin
  intertexto, meaning to intermingle while
  weaving. It is a term first introduced by the
  French semiotician Julia Kristeva in the late
  60s.
• - It is the presence of discursive
  connections with previous legislation or other
  texts.
• There isnt any explicit allusion to other
  documents whether contract, document or
  whatsoever.

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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USERS IN THE TEXT

• Principal who gives the power to another person
  of acting on his behalf because he is unavailable
  or disable (e.g. mentally incompetent).
• I, Paul Stanley, hereby confer full power of
  attorney to
• Agent/attorney-in-fact the person who receives
  the power of attorney.
• I, Paul Stanley, hereby confer full power of
  attorney to Alfonso López Martínez

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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USERS IN THE TEXT

• The principal or donor appears as the 1st person
  of the singular I
• So, close relationship between the addresser
  (principal) and the addressee (attorney-in-fact).

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IV. MACROSTRUCTURE

• Primary secondary structures
• 1st paragraph introduction (personal details of
  the principal/donor and agent).
• 2nd paragraph 3rd paragraph the powers granted
  to the agent (e.g. to appear and defend in all
  actions and suits or whatsoever)
• 4th paragraph the power of attorney can be
  revoked
• shall be irrevocable until such time as said
  court determines that I am no longer
  incompetent.

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IV. MACROSTRUCTURE

• 5th paragraph (Conclusion) recognition of being
  of sound mind estar en pleno uso de facultades.
• I, Paul Stanley, do hereby acknowledge that
  I signed and executed this power of attorney
  that I am of sound mind that I am eighteen years
  of age or older
• Signatures

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V. SYNTACTIC MATTERS

• No personal sentences. They are introduced by
  infinitive forms
• 1º) To ask, demand, litigate, recover, and to
  make
• To appear, answer and defend in all actions
• Frequent use of commas
• Common use of coordinators (addition and
  disjunctive)
• Use of passive voice
• this power of attorney shall be irrevocable
  until such time
• having been duly qualified according to the
  law
• Use of simple sentences
• I, Paul Stanley, the undersigned, do hereby
  confer full power of attorney to Alfonso (the
  whole 1st paragraph)
• Confusing syntax in general.

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V. MORPHOLOGICAL MATTERS

• The document is written in the 1st person
  singular. Thus, more attachment between the donor
  and the agent
• Many repetitions
• for me and in my name, hereby,
• said attorney
• Doublets (partial synonyms, redundant)
• true and lawful attorney-at-law
• in my name on my behalf
• free and voluntary, ratifying and
  confirming.
• Lack of anaphoric references.
• Use of formal adverbs or multiple particles
• Hereby (por la presente), thereof (del mismo),
  hereafter

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V. MORPHOLOGICAL MATTERS

• Future tense
• shall judge, shall be expedient, shall do or
  cause
• Passive voice
• having been duly qualified
• shall be irrevocable
• Lack of connectors and overuse of commas (rest of
  the Old legal English)
• To ask, demand, litigate, recover, and
  recive all maner of goods, chattels, ebts, rents,
  interest, sums of money and demands whatsoever,
  due or hereafter to become due and owing, or
  belonging to me, and to make, give and execute
  acquittances, recepits, satisfactions or other
  discharges for the same, whether under seal or
  otherwise

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El poder notarial/representación

• Análisis detallado

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I. Foco contextual

• Foco principal función instructiva.
• Enumeración de las actos concretos sobre los que
  se otorga poder al apoderado.
• I.- Comprar toda clase de bienes inmuebles
• II.- Comparecer ante cualquier Comisaría de
  Policía y solicitar y retirar
• III.-Actuar como representante fiscal en España a
  los efectos
• IV.- Contratar la instalación y suministro de
  agua, electricidad
• Etc.
• Foco secundario expositiva (1ª parte y al final)
• exposición de datos personales (información
  objetiva) del poderdante y del apoderado.
• Cierre de la conclusión

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II. Intertextualidad

• Ley Orgánica 15/1.999, 13 de diciembre, de
  Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal.
• Las leyes 18-19/1991, 6 de junio.
• Art. 46.1 de la Ley General Tributaria

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III. Relación entre los usuarios

• Relación entre los usuarios
• A) Poderdantes 2 Británicos
• B) Apoderado Abogada

Relación más lejana

• Propósito conceder poder a una persona para que
  actúe en tu nombre en determinados contextos y
  ámbitos.

• Documento legal narrado en 3ª personal del
  plural
• Don. Nacido en , el de de .. Y su esposa
  Doña .

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IV. MACROESTRUCTURAS

• Líneas introductorias (lugar, fecha, datos
  notario)
• Comparecen Don (datos de los poderdantes)
• Intervienen en su propio nombre y derecho para
  otorgar la presente escritura de poder
• Exponen que otorgan conjunta o separadamente
  poder tan amplio y bastante
• Puedan (los poderes otorgados)
• Ej. I. Comprar toda clase de bienes inmuebles
• II. Comparecer ante cualquier Comisaría
• Fórmula conclusión (Yo el Notario hago constar)
• Firma

Dividido en secciones
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V. NIVEL FORMAL Sintaxis

• Más clasificado en secciones
• Comparecen, exponen, puedan.
• Numerosas oraciones coordinadas y yuxtapuestas.
• Comparecer ante cualquier Comisaría de Policía
  y solicitar y retirar el certificado de
  RESIDENCIA y N.I.E
• Numerosas formas en infinitivo (referente a los
  poderes otorgados contratar, comprar, actuar).
• Oraciones más cortas y con más conectores.
• Solicitar y obtener copias del presente
  poder.

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V. NIVEL FORMAL morfología

• Menos redundante
• el presente otorgamiento, voluntad(vs. Free
  and voluntary)
• Menos repetitivo
• en su nombre
• Uso mayoritario del tiempo de presente
• Ej. Intervienen, exponen
• Discurso más perifrástico.
• les juzgo con la capacidad legal suficiente
  para otorgar la presente escritura
• Frecuente uso de anafóricos este poder, el
  presente otorgamiento, del presente poder.

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Useful glossary

• Power of attorney in Common law systems or
  mandate in civil law systems is an authorization
  to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or
  business matter.
• Donor/granter/principal the person authorizing
  the other to act.
• Agent/attorney-in-fact/attorneythe person
  authorized to act on somebodys behalf.
• Attorney-at-lawA person, learned in law and
  legally licensed to practise law (whether in law
  or giving advice).It could be a synonym for
  lawyer.
• Confer full power of attorney to authorize or
  grant the power to carry out some particular
  actions.
• Be of sound mind a person who is mentally
  competent.
• A power can be revocable or irrevocable the
  power can be revoked.
• Act on someones behalf act on someones shoes.
• For me and in my name to make emphasis on the
  person/subject.
• Free and voluntary without being oppressed by
  anyone.

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CONCLUSIÓN

• Poder notarial es un documento legal a través
  del cual una persona (poderdante) otorga unos
  poderes al (apoderado) para que éste actúe en su
  nombre, representándolo.
• Hay diferentes tipos según la amplitud de
  poderes, la duración y el ámbito.
• Los poderes notariales en inglés y en español
• A) se asemejan
• - en el propósito, en el foco contextual.
• B) se diferencian
• - en la hibridación, en el tenor/tono, en las
  macroestructuras y en el nivel formal (sintaxis
  morfología).

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Bibliografía

• Alcaraz, E. (2007) El Inglés Jurídico. Textos y
  documentos. Ariel Derecho
• http//www.sre.gob.mx/francia/poder.htm
• http//sispain.com/SiSpain/spanish/guia/notarias/u
  suales/poderes.html
• http//www.cosaslegales.es/como-obtener-poder-nota
  rial/
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_attorney
• http//www.lectlaw.com/filesh/qfl04.htm

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!