Respiratory System

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Respiratory System
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Greek and Latin Roots for the Respiratory System

• Alveol
• Small cavity
• Bronch
• Windpipe
• Cric
• Ring
• Epi
• Upon
• Hem
• Blood

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Respiration is

• Gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells of
  the body.

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Trace air from atmosphere to cells.

• oral or nasal cavity.
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchus
• Bronchioles
• Alveolar ducts
• Alveoli
• Pulmonary veinules
• Pulmonary vein
• Left artium
• Left ventricle
• Aorta
• Smaller arteries
• Cappillaries
• Cells

http//www.jerichoschools.org/seaman/webquests-08-
09/images/respiratorydetail.gif
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Which muscles control breathing?

• Diaphram
• Sternocleidomastoid elevates sternum
• Pectoralis minor elevates ribs
• Intercostal muscles pull ribs out
• Abdominals push diaphram back up

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Know the following

• Tidal volume (quiet breathing)
• Inspiratory reserve volume (tidal volume extra
  air that can be inhaled during forced breathing)
• Epiratory reserve volume (tidal volume extra
  air that can be exhaled during forced breathing)

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Know the following

• Residual volume (volume that remains in the lungs
  at all times)
• Vital capacity (maximum amount of air that can be
  exhaied after taking the deepest breath possible)
• Total lung capacity (VC RV)

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Be able to explain how pressure influences the
exchange of gases
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How does a change in altitude impact your bodies
ability to obtain oxygen?

• Higher altitudes less pressure to force oxygen
  into lungs, blood-stream.
• Lower altitudes more pressure to for oxygen.

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What is happening in the next slide?
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Blood Review

• Agglutin glue
• Erythr red
• Hemo blood
• Leuko white
• Thromb clot

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Use the following pages to quiz yourself on blood
cells
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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Type of white blood cells?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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Previous page showed monocytes.

• Monocytes phagocytosis (devouring foreign
  substances)
• Monocytes are larger than other blood cells.

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Type of white blood cell?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
19

• Basophil involved in allergic reactions,
  release heparin and histamine.
• Heparin prevents blood clots.
• Histamine increases the permeability of
  capillaries to white blood cells.

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EOSINOPHIL
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
What is the role of the eosinophil?
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The previous page showed esosinophils.

• Esoinophils fighting parasites by releasing
  enzymes that destroy the parasites (and host
  tissue too).
• Also help control allergic reactions.

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Type of cell?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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The previous page showed lymphocytes.

• Lymphocytes mediate the immune response by both
  releasing antibodies (B cells), chemical
  messengers that direct the immune response
  (Helper T cells), and release toxic granules that
  destroy infected cells (cytotoxic T cells).

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Type of cells?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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The previous page showed

• Neutrophils target bacteria and fungi by
  migrating to an infection using chemotaxis
  (chemical receptors) and engulf the infectious
  agent.
• -Most abundant white blood cell in the body,
  responsible for most of the puss in inflamation

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http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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The previous page showed

• a neutrophil
• a lymphocyte
• erythrocytes

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Types of cells?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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The previous page showed

• a neutrophil
• red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• also platelets (which help clot blood but are not
  considered cells)

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What are shown below?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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The previous page showed

• erythrocytes
• platelets

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The giant cell is?
http//path.upmc.edu/cases/case37/images/micro8.jp
g
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Previous page showed a

• Megakarycyte (makes platelets)

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Shown below are?
http//steinkescience.wikispaces.com/Anatomy26P
hysiologyB
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The previous page showed

• a megakarycyte
• a lymphocyte
• erythrocytes

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In the next slide you will see

• Normal blood cells
• Leukemia
• Sickle cell anemia
• Pernicious anemia
• Guess which is which

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B
A
C
D
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Explain what is happening on the next slide
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http//pkukmweb.ukm.my/danial/Erythroblastosis20
fetalis20.gif
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The Heart

• -diastol dilation
• -gram something written
• Papill nipple
• Systol contaction

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Be able to trace a drop of blood through the
heart-lungs-heart
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http//www.naturalhealthschool.com/img/heart.gif
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Know about the pacemaker of the heart and P, Q,
R, S, T waves on an electrocardiogram.

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileECG_principle_sl
  ow.gif

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Circulatory System
http//www.cvcu.com.au/images/cv_torso.jpg
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Arteries
http//www.blood-pressure-hypertension.com/graphix
/arteries.gif
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Ventral View of Veins
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Stethocope and Sphygmomanometer

• Systolic maxiumum
• Diastolic minimum
• Normal 120/80

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Varicose Veins
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