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A TWELFTH CENTURY HOSPITAL

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... finger nails and hair -research- -practice first on fruit -invisible organisms that spread infection -Forehead rhinoplasty Records (1) Records (2) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: A TWELFTH CENTURY HOSPITAL


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A TWELFTH CENTURY HOSPITAL AT POLONNARUVA AND
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL EQUIPMENT FOUND THEREIN
(Part 2).
P.N.PREMATILLEKE and A.P.R.ALUWIHARE
3
Surgery
  • Indian Subcontinent from before the onset of the
    Christian Era -Susrutha
  • Surgery is known to have existed as a science in
    Greek times
  • Surgical type instruments in-
  • Taxila, instruments from Sirkat.
  • Models on Arab instruments are on display in
    Kuwait
  • Roman Empire surgery -instruments were found in
    Pompeii, In Britain are examples on Roman era
    instruments
  • Surgery was known in China, Eqypt

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Surgery is one of the main branch of Ayurveda.
Susrut is called as Father of Surgery, his famous
treatise Susrut Samhita is an ancient
authoritative book on Surgery. There are many
significant features of Ayurvedic Surgery one of
them is Anushastra karma i.e. minimal invasive
para-surgical measure. The Kshara karma is one
of the Anushastra karma.
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Susrutha (approx 2000 yrs ago)
  • -Kshara Suthra thread and fistula
  • -training
  • -short finger nails and hair
  • -research-
  • -practice first on fruit
  • -invisible organisms that spread infection
  • -Forehead rhinoplasty

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Records (1)
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Records (2)
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KSHARA SUTHRA
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SriLanka-less known
Practice on lotus leaves! (Susrutha, Mango/Pears
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Surgery- Sri Lanka
  • Kings Buddhadasa and Parakramabahu?
  • Descriptions like in India- ? Copied or real
  • Accounts in Chulawamsa and other texts
  • Accounts by Budddhagosa
  • FINDING INSTRUMENTS VALIDATES TRUTH OF TEXTS AND
    THAT OPERATIONS WERE DONE

11
?Hs
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Grinders
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BETEL! Betel and tobacco leaf, Calcium
Hydroxide, Areconut
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SPOON
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Weighing machines- Scales
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Probes/Applicators
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Susrutha/Hindus
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Hindu instruments
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Taxila
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Roman
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Forceps- long handle
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Forceps- short jaw
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Scissors- thick, metal handles
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Scissors-wooden handle
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Lance- wooden handle
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Scalpel- wooden handle
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Some references
  • Aluwihare A.P.R.(1983- 2001) Personal
    observations in Kuwait, Edinburgh, St Albans,
    Taxila, Sirkat and Mohendajaro, Cairo, Naples
    and Pompeii, Xian,Lyon
  •  
  • Cassar, P.,(1974) Surgical instruments on a tomb
    slab in Roman Malta Med Hist. 18 89-93
  •  
  • Gazzaniga V, Serarcangeli C (1999)Surgical Roman
    instruments in the Museum of History of Medicine
    of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" Med
    Secoli.11217-29
  •  
  • Hamarneh,SK., Awad, HA.,( 1977)Early surgical
    instruments excavated in Old Cairo, Egypt.
    Int Surg. 62 520-4
  •  
  • Marshall, John H (1960) A Guide to Taxila
    Department of Archaeology, Pakistan University
    Press Cambridge
  •  
  • Mukhopadhaya G (1914) The Surgical Instruments of
    the Hindus with a Comparative Study of the Greek,
    Roman , Arab, and the Modern European Surgeons
    Volumes I and II University Press Calcutta
  •  
  • Naqvi NH (2003) Surgical instruments in the
    Taxila Museum Med Hist. 4789-98
  •  
  • Prakash. UB., (1978) Shushruta of ancient India
    Surg Gynecol Obstet. 146 263-72
  •  
  • Premathilleke, L. Aluwihare, A.P.R.(1990)
    Ancient hospitals of Sri Lanka, Built environment
    and surgical systems Ancient Ceylon 10
    281-289.
  •  
  • Prematilleke L., Aluwihare A.P.R. (1995)
    Ancient Hospital Systems of Sri Lanka 767- 781
    Colour Plates Dr.M.S.Nagaraja Rao Festschrift
    Bangalore

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Why decline?-Lessons for today
  • War
  • Disease
  • Shift of Capitals
  • Narrow mindedness of medical personnel-not
    participating in national affairs
  • Infighting amongst medical professionals

29
Thank you
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