Grain processing

1
Grain processing
2
Grain Feeding
3
Grain Feeding
Acidosis Potential
1) Wheat
2) Barley
3) Corn
4) Grain Sorghum
Stock et al., 2006
4
Grain Feeding
Grains Ranked By Rate Of Ruminal Starch Digestion
Fast
Wheat Barley High moisture corn (bunker
storage) Steam flaked corn, HMC ( stored
whole) Dry rolled corn, steam flaked grain
sorghum Dry whole corn Dry rolled grain sorghum
Slow
Stock et al., 2006
5
Grain Feeding
Area of ruminal pH below 5.6 during grain
adaptation period
Cooper et al., 1997
6
Grain Feeding
Total Intake of Diet by Hour and Concentration
Level.
Fulton et al., 1979
7
Corn Processing- Diets without byproducts

• DRC HMC SFC
• DMI, lb 22.2a 21.8a 20.4b
• ADG, lb 3.64 3.55 3.60
• Feed / Gain 6.10a 6.10a 5.65b
• Feed / Gain, of DRC -- 100 108

Cooper et al., 2002 J. Anim. Sci.
8
Corn Processing- HMC and Reconstitution
100
80
60
ISDMD,
40
20
0
0
56
112
168
224
280
336
392
Ensiling Period (d)
DRC
35RECON
9
Corn Processing- HMC and Reconstitution
100
80
60
DIP ( of CP)
40
20
0
0
56
112
168
224
280
336
392
Ensiling Period (d)
DRC
28RECON
35RECON
10
Corn Processing- HMC vs DRC
Processing
DRC HMC 15 28 P

• Pens, n 36 36
• DMI 25.7 24.9 0.64
• ADG 3.95 4.02 lt0.01
• FG 6.50 6.19 lt0.01
• 2 x 6 factorial with hybrids, no process x hybrid
  interaction
• All diets contained 20 WCGF

Harrelson et al., 2007 ASAS Midwest Meetings
11
Corn Processing- HMC vs DRC
Processing
DRC HMC 15 28 P

• Pens, n 36 36
• DMI 25.7 24.9 0.64
• ADG 3.95 4.02 lt0.01
• FG 6.50 6.19 lt0.01
• 2 x 6 factorial with hybrids, no process x hybrid
  interaction
• All diets contained 20 WCGF

4.8
Harrelson et al., 2007 ASAS Midwest Meetings
12
Corn Processing- HMC and Reconstitution
Processing
DRC HMC RECON HMC RECON 15 24 28 30 35

• DMI 24.4 24.4 24.2 23.9 23.5
• ADG 3.43a 3.53ab 3.57ab 3.68b 3.65b
• FG 7.14a 6.94ab 6.77b 6.49c 6.45c
• All diets contained 18 corn bran (part of CGF)

Benton et al., 2005 Nebraska Beef Report.
13
Corn Processing- with WCGF
Processing
SFC HMC FGC DRC WC

• DMI 22.0 21.8 22.2 23.4 24.8
• ADG 4.25 4.15 4.17 4.24 4.18
• FG 5.18a 5.26ab 5.32b 5.52c 5.92d
• All diets contained 32 WCGF
• Calves fed 170 days, initial wt. 667 lb

Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.
14
Corn Processing- with WCGF
Processing
SFC HMC FGC DRC WC

• DMI 22.0 21.8 22.2 23.4 24.8
• ADG 4.25 4.15 4.17 4.24 4.18
• FG 5.18a 5.26ab 5.32b 5.52c 5.92d
• Dieta 6.2 4.7 3.6 -- -7.2
• Corn onlya 11.8 8.9 6.8 -- -13.7
• aExpressed as above DRC, calculated for entire
  diet and corn only (52.5)
• All diets contained 32 WCGF
• Calves fed 170 days, initial wt. 667 lb

Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.
15
Corn Processing- with WCGF
Processing
SFC HMC FRC DRC
DMI 23.4 24.0 24.3 24.2 ADG 4.22b 4.02a 3.95a 3.9
8a FG 5.54a 5.97b 6.15c 6.09bc All diets
contained 22 WCGF, 62.5 of respective
corn Yearlings fed 117 days, initial weight 845
lb
Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.
16
Corn Processing- with WCGF
Processing
SFC HMC FRC DRC

• DMI 23.4 24.0 24.3 24.2
• ADG 4.22b 4.02a 3.95a 3.98a
• FG 5.54a 5.97b 6.15c 6.09bc
• Dieta 9.0 2.0 - --
• Corn onlya 14.3 3.1 - --
• aExpressed as above DRC, calculated for entire
  diet and corn only (62.5)
• All diets contained 22 WCGF, 62.5 of respective
  corn
• Yearlings fed 117 days, initial weight 845 lb

Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.
17
Corn Processing- with WCGF

• SFC GHMC RHMC FGC DRC
• DMI 21.3a 21.4a 21.6a 23.0b 23.2b
• ADG 4.33 4.24 4.21 4.35 4.23
• FG 4.91a 5.05b 5.13b 5.29c 5.49d
• Corn only 17.6 13.4 10.9 6.1 --
• All diets contained 25 WCGF, 60 of respective
  corn
• Calves fed 152 days, initial weight 677 lb

Macken et al., 2006 Prof. Anim. Scient.
18
Corn Processing- with WCGF

• SFC GHMC RHMC FGC DRC
• FG 4.91a 5.05b 5.13b 5.29c 5.49d
• Fecal St 4.1a 8.4b 10.6bc 11.8c 19.2d
• GMD 3117 484 2901 515 4730
• All diets contained 25 WCGF, 60 of respective
  corn
• Calves fed 152 days, initial weight 677 lb

Macken et al., 2006 Prof. Anim. Scient.
19
Corn Processing- with and without WCGF
DRC HMC SFC without WCGF FG, diet only (80
corn) 6.34 6.27 5.76 Improved, above
DRC -- 1.4 11.4 with WCGF FG, diet only
(55-60 corn) 5.70 5.44 5.21 Improved, above
DRC -- 8.1 14.6 Note DRC is 13.2 better than
whole (1 comparison) FGC is 4.3 better than
DRC in diets with WCGF (3 comparisons)
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Corn Processing- with WDGS

• WC DRC D/H HMC SFC FGC
• DMI 23.1a 22.6a 21.5b 21.0bc 20.4c 20.4c
• ADG 3.85a 4.05b 3.91ab 3.89ab 3.59c 3.38d
• FG 6.07a 5.68bc 5.61bc 5.46c 5.76b 6.15a
• Corn -11.2 -- 2.0 6.3 -2.3 -13.5
• All diets contained 30 WDGS 61.4 corn
• Calf-feds 168 days, initial weight 700 lb

Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep.
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Corn Processing- with WDGS

• WC DRC D/H HMC SFC FGC
• DMI 23.1a 22.6a 21.5b 21.0bc 20.4c 20.4c
• ADG 3.85a 4.05b 3.91ab 3.89ab 3.59c 3.38d
• FG 6.07a 5.68bc 5.61bc 5.46c 5.76b 6.15a
• Corn -11.2 -- 2.0 6.3 -2.3 -13.5
• All diets contained 30 WDGS 61.4 corn
• Calf-feds 168 days, initial weight 700 lb

Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep.
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Corn Processing- with WDGS
Corrigan et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.
23
Corn Processing- with WDGS
Corrigan et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.
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Issues

• With WCGF
• more intense processing better
• better acidosis control?
• relatively larger improvement with HMC
• not level dependent
• assuming gt25 diet DM

25
Issues

• With WDGS
• DRC and HMC look good
• SFC is less positive, WDGS SFC?
• Optimum level different
• DRC 35-40 (watch S)
• HMC 30-40 (watch S)
• SFC 15-20