MULTI DEPARTMENT RAIDS

1
MULTI DEPARTMENT RAIDS

• What? Where? Why? Who? When? How? And does it
  matter anyway?
• Presented by Vanda Hamilton
• St Kilda Legal Service

2
Operation Superclass Operation Drive
Safe Operation Grasstree Operation
Viking Operation Chorus Operation Cornelius

• Operation Cinnamon
• Operation Rosalind
• Operation Cocotte
• Operation Marcellus
• Operation Oxford

Operation Dutchman Operation Volsce Operation
Plebians Operation Barnardo Operation Ophelia
3
What are these operations?

• Operations which target certain industries,
  although may not be confined to industries.
• Most likely to be cash economy industries.
• Therefore workers who, for various reasons, dont
  want to be traced.
• The most commonly targeted industries are
• Taxi
• Courier
• Agricultural workers (primarily those who work
  seasonally ie fruit pickers, vineyard workers)
• Hospitality
• In bound tourism operators
• Tow-truck industry
• Brothels (illegal legal)
• Chicken factories

4

• The federal agencies involved can be all of, or a
  combination of, Centrelink, ATO, DIMIA and
  Federal Police.
• State agencies can be all of, or a combination
  of, State Police, Taxi Directorate, EPA,
  Sheriffs, transport departments, brothel
  inspectorates and, in one bizarre instance in
  Queensland, the Office of Fair Trading.
• Local councils are sometimes also involved.

5
How do they work?

• As a general rule, the federal agencies need a
  state agency with coercive powers
• Centrelink, DIMIA and ATO dont have general
  coercive powers.
• Nor can the Federal Police step in unless federal
  laws are being broken.
• This is where the state agencies come in.
• Most of the operations involve pulling over
  vehicles.
• Vehicles from particular industries taxis etc -
  or vehicles taking workers home from the
  workplace of interest ie fruit pickers.
• Visits to worksites can be facilitated by
  agencies which have power to enter worksites and
  ask questions ie brothel inspectorate.
• So a typical operation might involve a roadside
  inspection area to which taxis, for instance, are
  pulled over.

6

• Police do licence checks etc
• EPA, if there, do a compliance check.
• The taxi directorate would check whatever it is
  taxi directorates check identification etc
  presumably.
• Sheriffs, if there, check for outstanding
  warrants.
• The federal agencies do their own checks. Now it
  gets murky
• None of them have the right to ask the drivers
  for their details, or get them from one of the
  other agencies.

7

• I spoke to a co-ordinator of these operations
  from Centrelink, Joe Judge.
• Asked him if Centrelink officers told workers
  they did not have to give Centrelink information.
• He said of course they did.
• He would say that, wouldnt he?
• Taxi drivers tell a different story.
• People just appear at their window and ask
  questions. They dont tell you why, and they
  usually dont identify themselves.
• A small article in Meter, the NSW Taxi Council
  magazine, detailed complaints from drivers after
  operations. These included drivers details being
  passed to unnamed, plain clothed people without
  explanation.
• The drivers also complained of lack of respect
  and extreme rudeness, with one driver saying he
  was reduced to tears by unreasonable demands
  placed on him during an operation at The Rocks.

8

• Results of operations tell their own story. Why
  give details if you know youre doing something
  wrong?
• But people obviously do.
• DIMIA uses mobile technology to check peoples
  visa status immediately.
• Centrelink checks later, but probably also has
  access to, and uses, mobile technology.
• Interpreters used? Unlikely.

9

• Would be interesting to know how the operations
  involving pulling over buses transporting farm
  workers work.
• Although the police can ask for the drivers
  details, they cant ask anyone else (legally,
  anyway) so how do they get the information?

10

• Operations could also be targeting general
  public.
• Victoria Police media release in April this year
  gave details of Operation Drive Safe on 27 April.
• Took place between 8am 4pm on one road in an
  inner city suburb.
• As well as police, included Taxi Directorate, the
  EPA, DIMIA, Sheriffs Office and Centrelink.
• 1500 vehicles checked. 113 found to be
  unroadworthy, 42 were taxis. Clear that majority
  of cars pulled over were not taxis.
• Press release doesnt tell us whether officers
  from the federal agencies approached all cars
  pulled over or only taxis.

11

• In March spokeswoman for Joe Hockey talks about
  another operation in Melbourne involving taxis.
• Claims that operations are like a random breath
  test, and says that the program is much bigger
  than just catching taxi drivers.
• Its not just taxi drivers, but couriers and any
  drivers.
• Doesnt qualify whether she means private drivers
  pulled over at random are also targets of these
  operations.

12

• Operation Cinnamon on the Gold Coast involved
  Queensland Office of Fair Trading, police,
  Queensland Transport and federal Department of
  Industry, Tourism and Resources and Centrelink in
  a blitz on tour operators and tourist shops.
• Operation aimed at so called rogue tourist
  operators, and interpreters were used to tell
  more than 1100 tourists their shopping rights.
• No explanation of Centrelinks involvement.
• What were they doing there? Who did they
  interview? And why?

13

• Operation Grasstree conducted in the Lismore and
  Nimbin areas over four days in July this year.
• Police patrolled streets around Lismore with
  dogs, manned roadblocks into Nimbin, along with
  DIMIA.
• Centrelink officers visited hospitality and
  harvesting industries around Nimbin, cancelled or
  suspended payments of 19 people, and targeting 78
  more for further investigation.
• The newspaper articles dont go into how they
  found the workers who were on benefits.
• DIMIA found nobody with immigration
  irregularities.
• The police charged 21 people with possession, but
  found no commercial quantities of drugs
• These are all incidents in which it would appear
  the general public have been targeted either
  specifically by operations, or as result of a
  targeted operation.

14
When did they start? And why?

• The Cash Economy Taskforce established by
  Commissioner of Taxation in November 1996.
• Objective to examine nature of cash economy,
  determine likely compliance issues develop a
  view about additional steps the ATO could take to
  address tax evasion in the cash economy.
• In July 1997 the task force presented its first
  report to the commissioner of taxation.

15

• One finding was ATO couldnt address issues of
  cash economy alone.
• So one recommendation was ATO should work
  cooperatively with tax practitioners, industry
  and community groups and other government
  agencies on cash economy initiatives.
• Inter Agency Cash Economy Working Group,
  comprising ATO, DIMIA Centrelink, was
  established.
• ATO lead agency of the group, focus was
  compliance with tax requirements, rather than the
  requirements of the other agencies.

16

• Activities group identified as important were
  sharing of information and data matching.
• By 1999, Phillip Ruddock, in his then role as
  minister for immigration and multicultural
  affairs, told parliament activities of
  interagency cash economy working group included
  investigating possibility of undertaking joint
  prosecutions for taxation and social security
  offences, outposting Centrelink officers to ATO
  sites and identifying potential joint activities.

17

• Two years later focus of group seems to morph
  from ATO compliance activities to DIMIA
  activities.
• In December 2001 DIMIA issues media release
  detailing its multi agency operations since
  September 2001.
• Operations occurred in Victoria, NSW and
  Queensland and led to 175 people being detained
  by DIMIA.
• Focus on DIMIAs operations may have been a
  result of 9/11.

18

• By 2003 Centrelink seemed to become the dominant
  agency.
• Funds provided to Centrelink in the 2002-03
  budget to implement national program of
  inter-agency field investigation projects as an
  ongoing fraud detection measure.
• This announcement seems little odd, given
  Centrelink had been involved nationally since
  inception of group, perhaps allowed more officers
  to be allocated.
• Whatever the reason, result seems to be that
  Centrelink now the lead agency in driving the
  process.

19

• Asked Joe Judge who initiated multi-agency
  operations. He claimed initiative could come from
  any number of agencies.
• He said that, if the police, for instance, were
  planning a roadblock on taxis or couriers, they
  might invite federal agencies along.
• At other times Centrelink or DIMIA might express
  interest in a certain area and approach police to
  organise operation.
• Tried over some days to find someone in Victoria
  Police who might be the contact person for the
  inter-agency group, but to no avail.

20

• It wasnt until the start of this year that
  inter-agency group mentioned again in parliament.
• In early March, Joe Hockey, Minister for Human
  Services, told parliament he could now report on
  a previously unreported operation, Operation
  Oxford, conducted by Victoria Police and
  Centrelink in February.
• According to Joe Hockey only Victoria Police and
  Centrelink were involved, but there were probably
  more agencies.
• The operation involved a roadblock and 500
  vehicles were stopped for inspections and licence
  checking.
• Of these, 220 were taxi and courier drivers who
  were questioned by Centrelink.

21

• Out of those 220, 13 people were identified as
  receiving benefits whilst working without
  declaring their income.
• The tenor of the speech was very much that this
  was somehow a new project, which Centrelink had
  been undertaking as a series of covert
  operations in the past year.
• Hockey then put out a press release about
  Operation Oxford.
• May have done this because first operation to get
  widespread publicty.

22

• Operation Oxford was subsequently reported in the
  Sydney Morning Herald as the first trial of a
  CSI-style program, which Joe Hockey claimed
  credit for in parliament.
• Article went on to say that ATO, which had been
  criticised by the Auditor-General for its cash
  economy program, would not be setting up similar
  roadblocks, and would not comment on the
  Centrelink program.
• Maybe they were sulking.

23
So where are we now?

• Majority of press releases on operations in past
  few years come from Hockeys office.
• Other agencies surprisingly quiet about their
  involvement.
• Press release put out by the Victoria police in
  April is the only press release of any state
  police force in Australia on the subject.
• DIMIA is surprisingly quiet on them as well.
• Last press release from DIMIA is from December
  2003.
• The ATO has never put out a press release in
  relation to the operations.

24

• Politicians are similarly pretty silent.
• Have been only two mentions in federal parliament
  of the groups activities.
• There is no mention of the operations to be found
  in any state hansard havent checked the
  territories.
• Media on the operations has been totally
  unquestioning, and appear to simply rehash press
  releases.

25

• One of the biggest hassles getting people to
  realise there is problem is the agencies involved
  fog the matter by making it seem as if checks and
  operations which arise through intelligence are
  exactly the same as the inter-agency operations.
• A further complicating matter is that
  inter-agency operations become conflated with
  operations like raids on illegal brothels, which
  often find sex slaves and are therefore seen as
  being worthy and not open to criticism.

26

• A report on a recent raid on an alleged illegal
  brothel in Heathmont, in outer suburban
  Melbourne, is a case in point.
• Whilst it didnt find any sex slaves, was
  initiated in response (allegedly) to complaints
  from residents.
• The place had been issued with a warning by
  Maroondah Council in March, which was apparently
  ignored.
• In response, on 22 August eight police, DIMIA, an
  officer from Maroondah Council, representatives
  from Consumer Affairs (they would have been from
  the prostitution control board), the ATO and
  Centrelink turned up on the front doorstep.
• There were four people inside.

27

• Press releases on operations stress intelligence
  related activities, rather than trawling
  expeditions.
• Both Centrelink and DIMIA are constantly pushing
  their dob-in lines
• In 2002-03, Centrelink undertook 58,788 reviews
  based on tip-offs from the public, resulting in
  12,565 payment reductions.
• Dimia estimates that, in 1999-2000, tip-offs
  assisted in 19 of what it calls priority
  locations.
• Certainly in these agencies interests to make it
  seem to the public that operations come about as
  a result of tip-offs.
• However the reality is, most of these operations
  are probably trawling expeditions not
  operations on workplaces where Centrelink knows
  they have customers or DIMIA has intelligence
  there are workers with visa irregularities.

28

• Another good example of how the agencies get away
  with taking liberties in these operations came in
  a conversation I had with Peter from the NSW Taxi
  Association (subsequent to the conference).
• I asked him if, after the complaints received
  from members (detailed earlier), they had checked
  out the legalities.
• Peter told me that, after a long time, the police
  and the taxi directorate came back to the
  association and told them that, as taxi drivers
  signed a release form allowing the directorate to
  pass on info to other agencies, this allowed the
  directorate to hand over drivers info at a road
  block operation.

29

• I said I doubted this was correct the release
  probably permits the directorate to hand over the
  info if an agency comes to them with a reasonable
  suspicion ie, Centrelink has had a tip-off that
  a customer could be driving a taxi, and has a
  name to be checked.
• But I doubt it allows the directorate to just
  hand over information for no reason except that
  they are asked.

30

• Peter said they had not had that information
  checked by a lawyer.
• When I expressed surprise that the association
  would let this happen to its members, he said
  that he understood what I was talking about, but
  that its only a principle.
• In other words, the day to day practicalities of
  working in the industry preclude making a stand
  against the illegal use of workers information,
  and he said as much.

31
Who cares anyway?

• Theres good reason for the legal community and
  the wider community to be much more concerned
  than they are.
• Even being aware would be a good start.
• Inconceivable such large, intimidating operations
  could be taking place and no-one is complaining.
• No media organisation has even questioned these
  operations.
• Says a lot about what we have become habituated
  to and what we expect to be subjected to.

32

• If officials from Centrelink or DIMIA walked up
  to people in the street and started asking
  questions, there would be outrage.
• These operations are tantamount to these agencies
  doing exactly that.
• Possibly one of the reasons why there has been so
  little comment is that workers in the industries
  involved operate on the margins.
• Likely their English may not be very good.
• Likely their ability to access agencies which
  might make complaints on their behalf is limited.
• More than likely they just want to keep their
  heads down particularly if they are not
  Australian citizens.
• A bit strange that people who were pulled up in
  roadblocks havent said anything (although may
  have been canvassed in talkback).

33

• Also always attitude from general public that, if
  youre not doing anything wrong, you shouldnt
  complain about being pulled up.
• We seem to be becoming increasingly complacent
  about how far authorities can intrude into our
  lives, not when it has been proven there is any
  wrongdoing, or there is even the suspicion of
  wrongdoing, but in order to actually find out if
  there is any wrong doing.
• In Victoria and NSW, (and other states?), police
  have taken to patrolling the streets with sniffer
  dogs, looking for drugs.
• But apart from the creeping nature of our
  increasing tolerance of authoritarian measures,
  there is another reason why we should be very
  wary of, and concerned about, anything which
  involves Centrelink being given more power.

34

• Centrelink increasingly becoming governments arm
  of sweeping intrusions into our lives.
• Proposal for smartcard is a good example of this.
  
• Community as a whole will cop measures that
  mostly impact on the vulnerable and marginalised.
  
• This makes Centrelink ideal agency for government
  to introduce programs that affect us all.
• Rhetoric surrounding the smart card has been that
  it will make life easier for those on benefits
  and cut down on welfare fraud.
• This makes the card easier for the community as a
  whole to accept.
• It seems to have gone under the radar that the
  card will also be needed to access Medicare,
  which means that we will all need one, unless you
  decide never to claim a Medicare benefit.
• Still need it to access PBS rebates on drugs.
  Only the rich will be able to avoid having a
  smartcard. The rich, and those who never get ill.

35

• Centrelink already at the heart of systems which
  can access every citizens private records.
• Automatic data-matching program involving federal
  agency data banks being extended to state
  governments and private sector.
• These are systems which constantly trawl through
  millions of records looking for slightest change
  in personal circumstances.
• Data match data from Centrelink, ATO, DIMIA,
  child support agency, Medicare, Department of
  Health and Aging and Department of Employment and
  Workplace relations.
• Various agencies from state governments are being
  gradually linked in.
• This includes horse racing regulators, land title
  offices, workcover authorities, building and
  construction authorities, state revenue
  authorities and vehicle registering authorities.

36

• Centrelink also involved in pilot projects to
  electronically match data with banks, insurers,
  Coles and Woolworths.
• DEWR building connections to swap information
  with Centrelink and the private sector agencies
  which make up the national employment network.
• Novell was contracted early last year to provide
  Centrelink with 31,000 fingerprint scanners.
• These are supposedly a security system for staff
  using Centrelink networks.
• However Centrelink only has 25,448 employees.
• Despite being asked, Joe Hockey and his
  spokespeople have refused to comment on whether
  the scanners are going to be used for
  fingerscanning clients.

37

• I should note here that Joe Hockey has said that
  the new smart card will simply unlock your
  ability to get a medicare payment when you go to
  a medicare office (not sure why this has to be
  fixed its pretty simple as it is).
• He claims there will be no ability for agencies
  to search across other agency databases, so if
  youre not a centrelink customer, centrelink
  wont know about you.

38

• The head of the access card project, Kerri
  Hartland, says that large amounts of info wont
  be held on the card, but rather it will be a set
  of keys.
• She claims there will be no provision of card
  infrastructure to the private sector.
• Although she does say that whats been endorsed
  is the provision of infrastructure to support
  pharmacists, GPs and emergency workers Im not
  sure why she thinks GPs and pharmacists arent
  part of the private sector!

39

• Also, neither she nor Joe Hockey have addressed
  in their statements the fact that identifying
  details will be, by virtue of the card, in the
  centrelink system.
• This probably means they will be vulnerable to
  being involved in the wider automatic
  data-matching system.
• Joe Hockey and Kerri Hartland are assuring the
  current inquiry into the card that earlier mooted
  proposals like having bio-metric information on
  the card, or using it to hold small amounts of
  cash so it can be swiped for, say child-care
  centres, will not go ahead.

40

• This allows them to neatly side-step the fact
  that the information it will contain name,
  address, dob, dependents, photo and signature
  are more than enough for current data matching
  systems to match up information during data
  trawls.

41

• Australian Government Information Management
  Office is running internal trials of wikis,
  web-based software tools that allow internet
  communities to get together and collaborate on
  establishing information services.
• IBM got the contract earlier this year to
  overhaul DIMIAs IT system.
• IBMs head of innovations, Brad Kassall, says
  DIMIA and Centrelink want to create a new
  application that can access travel and financial
  information and feed in news from wherever net
  users have been or are going and then, based on
  all this information, know instantly who they
  want to scrutinise more closely.

42

• Centrelink seems to be the lead agency in these
  operations.
• Classic case of function creep, or something more
  
• Focus has shifted from original ATO project.
• Budget papers this year also alluded to
  Centrelink fraud investigators being given more
  power.

43

• As we get more habituated, or maybe resigned to,
  intrusions like multi-department operations,
  easier it becomes for agencies to introduce new
  tools and measures.
• DIMIA already use sophisticated mobile technology
  on these operations.
• If Centrelink is not already doing the same thing
  (although it has less imperative to than DIMIA)
  probably will be soon.
• Given existing and new technology, imagine the
  information these two agencies alone will have at
  their fingertips the minute they get a name.

44

• Will these federal agencies be given power to ask
  anyone their personal details.
• Even the police cant just walk up to people in
  the street and demand their name and address.
• Point needs to be made to these agencies, and it
  needs to be made now, that they cannot get away
  with bluffing and bullying people into giving
  them their details.

45

• And just one further point state agencies which
  have been given coercive powers for specific
  reasons, aiding federal agencies which havent
  been given coercive powers, for good reasons, to
  do their dirty work.
• Looked through Victorias state constitution to
  see if theres any provisions which could stretch
  their interpretation to prevent this
  co-operation, but there is none.
• Perhaps those here from other states could do the
  same thing.
• Possibly most likely constitution to have such a
  provision is the WA constitution, given that WA
  refused to be part of the federation process.

46
What to do?

• Tad stuck on this!
• At the meeting a couple of months ago, discussed
  whether putting out information sheets on your
  rights in these situations would be a good
  approach.
• Probably waste of time.
• Very difficult to distribute, hard to know range
  of languages they should include and cant
  necessarily rely on the most vulnerable of the
  target groups being literate.
• Information on electronic media would run into
  the same problem, although it maybe wouldnt hurt
  to post some info on backpackers sites.

47

• Legal action to see if they could be prevented
  from either forming multi-agency groups or be
  forced to provide information about who you have
  to disclose information to would be a good
  option.
• Even if it failed, the resultant publicity would
  be excellent.
• However Im not clever enough to come up with the
  grounds.
• As I said before, Ive trawled the Victorian
  Constitution, and had a good hard look at the
  Federal Constitution, but it doesnt seem to me
  theres any basis for a constitutional challenge.

48

• But Im not a constitutional lawyer so Im sure
  someone else could perhaps find a ground I know
  nothing about could the authority for the
  forming of the multi-agency group be traced back
  to a head of power that doesnt allow for its
  operation??

49

• Complaint to HEROC if it looked like they were
  indulging in racial profiling, but I dont think
  thats got a chance.
• For a start wed need a complainant, probably not
  an easy person to find..
• Anyway, no one race is being targeted.
• Those who are targeted while they are working
  could perhaps challenge their employer on the
  basis of being bullied and harassed while at
  work.
• A courier or a tow truck driver may be the go
  here, as taxi drivers employment arrangements are
  often highly suspect.
• Those who are pulled up in vans outside work
  might not be able to run the same argument,
  although if the farm is providing the van they
  may have an argument.
• But once again this relies on people being
  willing to complain, and I just dont see it
  happening.

50

• A media campaign perhaps.
• Feel thered be a bit of interest, but probably
  all DIMIA would have to say is weve found so
  many illegals and all Centrelink would have to
  say is these operations have saved the taxpayer
  30 million this year, and our argument would be
  lost.

51

• Suggestions which came from the conference were
  to work out the real cost/benefit analysis of
  these raids, get questions asked in parliament/s,
  run media campaigns.
• Also felt that it would be good to link into
  other campaigns ie the anti-smart card campaign.

52
Sources

• Improving Tax Compliance in the Cash Economy ATO,
  April 1998
• The Cash Economy under the New Tax System, ATO,
  September 2003
• Our Accountability Centrelink, 2002-03
• Onshore Compliance Visa Overstayers and
  Non-Citizens Working Illegally DIMIA 2004-05
• Review of the ANAO Audit Reports 1998-99
  Management of Tax File numbers, House of
  Representatives Standing Committee on Economics,
  Finance and Public Administration, 6 March 2000
• Hansard, House of Representatives, 3 June 1999

53

• Hansard, NSW Legislative Council, 19 September
  2002
• Hansard, House of Representatives, 2 March 2006
• 175 detained in Major Compliance Operations,
  press release, Department of Immigration and
  Multicultural Affairs, 20 December 2001
• Police nix civil liberties, Maryke Steffens et
  al, NewsDay 2002 UTS
• Viking storms on despite media coverage, ABC
  Newsonline, 24 May 2002
• Crackdown on Welfare Cheats, press release,
  Department of Family and Community Services, 1
  August 2003

54

• Cash workers busted, Kimberley Echo, 18 September
  2003
• Centrelink Raid catches 14 Welfare Cheats, ABC
  News Online, 2 October 2003
• Immigration Raids Catch 126 Illegals in Sydney,
  press release, Minister for Immigration and
  Multicultural Affairs, 14 December 2003

55

• Centrelinks orchard blitz, Veronica Buck,
  Donnybrook-Bridgetown Mail, 16 December 2003
• Traffic Blitz moves to Southern Cross, ABC News
  Online, 16 March 2004
• Operations net more than 30 illegal workers in
  Sydney, press release, Department of Immigration
  and Multicultural Affairs, 17 September 2004
• Immigration Blitz sees pair face deportation, ABC
  Newsonline, 15 March 2005
• Centrelink backs up fingerprint scanners with
  Novell, Renai LeMay, ZDNet Australia, 16 March
  2005
• Respect for law abiding drivers, Meter (magazine
  of the NSW Taxi Council, June/July 2005
• Blitz nabs harvesters, Berwick Gazette, 16
  November 2005

56

• Cops, Lebs, and the new civil war, Patrick
  Carlyon et al, The Bulletin, 1 February 2006
• Taxi Crackdown sees five cab drivers fired, ABC
  Newsonline, 17 February 2006
• Road Blitz on welfare cheats, Press Release, Joe
  Hockey, 2 March 2006
• Taxi Drivers collared at Centrelink roadblocks,
  John Garnaut, 3 March 2006
• Australia mulls fingerpring scans of welfare
  recipients, Julian Bajkowski, Compterworld, 22
  March 2005
• Inbound Tour Operators Blitz, press release,
  Queensland Office of Fair Trading, 30 March 2006

57

• Operation Cinnamon blitzes inbound tour operators
  on the Gold Coast, Licensing Line News,
  Queensland Government
• 113 canaries in eight hours, press release,
  Victoria Police, 28 April 2006
• Operation Rosalind cracks down on cash economy,
  press release, Department of Human Services, 20
  June 2006

58

• Policing Blitz targets Lismore and Nimbin, Will
  Jackson, Northern Star, 4 July 2006
• Nimbin mum felt like a crook, Will Jackson,
  Northern Star, 5 July 2006
• Centrelinks fraud blitz tops 1million, press
  release, Minister for Human Services, 26 July
  2006
• Canberra looks at Wiki Services, Andrew Colley,
  The Australian, 1 August 2006
• Crime Prejudice, Christopher Kremmer et al,
  Sydney Morning Herald, 4 August 2006

59

• Operation Marcellus and Operation Chorus
  crackdown on Victorias cash economy and welfare
  fraud, press release, Minister for Human
  Services, 7 August 2006
• Net tightens on cheats, Ben Woodhead, The
  Australian 8 August 2006
• Hatched, matched and dispatched, Ben Woodhead,
  The Australian, 15 August 2006
• Raid in the Suburbs, Brigid OConnell, Maroondah
  Leader, 22 August 2006
• Access Card for Access Only, Karen Dearne, The
  Australian, 5 September 2006
• Back to a basic card, Karen Dearne, The
  Australian, 5 September 2006