The Scientific Method

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The Scientific Method
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The scientific method helps keep you focused on
the purpose of your experiment.
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It contains 7 separate steps.
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FIRST STEP

• Identify the Problem
• What am I trying to learn?

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What would happen to a balloon if I put it in the
freezer for an hour?
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SECOND STEP

• Gather Information
• What do I already know about the topic, or what
  can I find out?

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I know balloons pop. I know that the freezer is
very cold. I know things ( like water) can change
when they are cold.
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balloons pop
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freezer is very cold
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things (like water)change when they are cold
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THIRD STEP

• State a Hypothesis
• What do you think will happen?

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I predict that the balloon in the freezer will
pop.
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FOURTH STEP

• Design and Carry Out an Experiment
• Create a way to test your hypothesis.

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1. Blow up two balloons
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2. Measure the diameter of each balloon
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3. Record data
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4. Place one balloon in the freezer for an hour
and put the other on the counter.
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5. Remove the balloon from the freezer and
measure both balloons again
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6. Record data
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7. Wait an hour and measure both balloons again
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8. Record data
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FIFTH STEP

• Make Observations and Record Data
• Watch what happens and write it down. (measure,
  weigh, observe)

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data
balloon 1 balloon 2
first measure 23 inches 21 inches
after freezer 9 inches 21 inches
1 hr. later 18 inches 21 inches
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SIXTH STEP

• Organize and Analyze Data
• Chart, graph, and present observations.

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SEVENTH STEP

• State a Conclusion
• Was my hypothesis correct or incorrect?
  Summarize what happened during experiment.

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My hypothesis was incorrect. I thought the
balloon would pop in the freezer, but it just got
smaller.
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After an hour the balloon from the freezer got
larger again. The balloon that wasnt in the
freezer stayed the same size.
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I believe cold air changes the size of things. It
makes things get smaller.
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Scientific Method Terms
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theory

• statement describing (but not explaining)

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hypothesis

• Suggested explanation to a problem or observation
  based upon known information

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law

• hypothesis that has been tested and supported by
  a great amount of evidence over a long period of
  time

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experiment

• Used to test a hypothesis

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variable

• Anything that can affect the results of an
  experiment

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control

• part within an experiment that is maintained
  without change in order to provide a comparison
  for the part of the experiment containing the
  variable

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data

• Observations and measurements made during an
  experiment

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conclusion

• a summary that explains whether or not the data
  supports the hypothesis

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application

• New use to which results are put or new technique
  developed