The Coagulant and Flocculant for alternative

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The Coagulant and Flocculant for alternative

• Present to
• Provincial Waterworks Authority
• By
• Behn Meyer Techno-Chemical

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Behn Meyer GroupSince 1840

• Group History
• Behn Meyer today
• Behn Meyer Thailand
• Behn Meyer Chemical (T) Co., Ltd.
• Behn Meyer Techno-Chemicals (T) Co., Ltd.

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1. Group History

• Milestones
• 1840 founded as Behn Meyer Co. in Singapore
• 1857 foundation of Arnold Otto Meyer in Hamburg
• 1914 Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia, China,
  Phillipines,
• 1955 re-incorporated in Singapore as Behn Meyer
  Co. (Pte.) Ltd.
• 2001 Arnold Otto Meyer re-named Behn Meyer (D)
  Holding AG Co

• Milestones Behn Meyer Thailand
• 1907 founded under the name of Behn Meyer Co.
• 1978 foundation of Behn Meyer Engineering Co.,
  Ltd.
• 1982 foundation of Behn Meyer Co. (T) Ltd.
• 2002 foundation of Behn Meyer Chemical (T) Co.
  Ltd.
• 2007 BME re-named Behn Meyer Techno-chemicals
  (T)

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2. Behn Meyer today

• The focus of the group today is on the supply and
  distribution of specialty products, representing
  worldclass manufacturers or from its own
  production.

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2. Behn Meyer today
The groups business lines can be categorized
into three main groups Chemical
Agricare Trading

• Countries
• Singapore
• Malaysia
• Thailand
• Indonesia
• Vietnam

Myanmar Cambodia Germany The Netherlands
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3. Behn Meyer Thailand
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• The new alternative coagulant for water treatment
• Aluminum Chlorohydrate
• By
• Gulbrandsen Technologies,Inc
• Clinton,NJ 08809 USA

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What Are Coagulants ?

• Coagulants are chemicals, typically salts of iron
  or aluminum, that cause suspended solids in water
  to agglomerate into larger particles which can
  then be removed by physical separation methods.

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Common Coagulants

• TRADITIONAL
• Aluminum Sulfate (alum)
• Aluminum Chloride
• Ferric Sulfate
• Ferric Chloride

• LAST 15-20 YEARS
• Polyaluminum Salts
• Chlorides
• Chlorosulfates
• Silica Sulfates
• ACH
• Polymer Blends

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Typical coagulants
Parameter Alum Ferric Chloride PAC ACH
Composition Al2(SO4)3- 18H2O FeCl3 Al2(OH)3Cl3 Al2(OH)5Cl
pH range 5.5 - 7.5 4 - 11 5 - 8 5 - 8
Sensitive to alkalinty XXX XXXX XX X
By product SO4 Cl Cl Cl
Formular Weight 666.43 162.34 211.33 174.45
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Aluminum Chlorohydrate

• ACH is a highly conc. Solution of polyaluminum
  hydroxychloride by having a highest Al conc. (
  23 Al2O3 )
• The basicity of ACH at 83 is also the highest
  available for any polyaluminum based solution.

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Aluminum Chlorohydrate

• The highly polymerized species in ACH have much
  higher cationic charge than Aluminum in standard
  salt.
• ACH can offer both higher level of performance
  and lower dosages.

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PAC / ACH Basicity

• The polymeric aluminum species present are
  determined by the degree of neutralization, which
  is usually reported as BASICITY
• Basicity OH / (3 x Al) x 100
• BASICITY (polymerization) is increased by
  replacing chloride ions with hydroxyl ions during
  manufacturing.

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Why PACl or ACH?

• The primary functional benefit of PACls / ACH vs
  traditional coagulants like Alum is the higher
  charge on the aluminum.

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Objective of Coagulant

• The Goal of using Coagulants in Water Treatment
  is the removal of Suspended Solids and soluble
  and insoluble organic material.

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Suspended Solid

• Suspended Solids are stable in solution due to
  small size / low density and negative surface
  charge.

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Effects of Solids

• Potable Water
• Turbidity
• Taste Odor
• Cryptosporidium and Giardia
• Waste Water
• TSS - Total Suspended Solids
• Corrosion (Erosive and biological)
• Insoluble BOD
• Insoluble Phosphorus

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TOC

• Organic acids humic acid, fluvic acid, etc.

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Surface Charge

• Negative Surface charges on particles help
  stabilize them in aqueous solution.
• The higher the charge to surface area ratio, the
  more stable the particle

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Particle Size Matters

• Particle Classification mm mm/s
• Gravel 1.0 100
• Coarse Sand 0.4 42
• Sand 0.1 8.0
• Fine Sand 0.02 0.62
• Silt 0.004 0.025

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What are the Benefit of the Polymerization in PAC
/ ACH?

• Increasing polymerization means Higher Cationic
  charge.
• The aluminum maintains its charge in water longer
  and over a wider range of conditions.

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1 Benefit of Higher Charge

• Higher Charge means more effective Charge
  Neutralization
• Schultz -Hardy Rule
• C k / Z6
• C Concentration, Z Charge, k constant

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Schultz-Hardy Rule Predictions
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Shultz-Hardy Rule
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Schultz-Hardy Theory vs. Real Life Application

• Real Life Other factors effect the charge
  neutralization mechanism pH, Temperature,
  Hydrolysis
• The bottom line is that the higher charge on the
  aluminum in PACl or ACH allows it to coagulate
  more solids with a lower dose than a simple
  aluminum or iron salt.

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2 Benefit of Longer Lasting Charge

• The aluminum chloride complex stays soluble
  longer than an aluminum sulfate ion

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Steps in the Coagulation Process - Simple Metal
Salts

• Charge Neutralization - Positive Charge on
  Coagulant eliminates negative charge on particles
  - Minimal impact due to time factor 10-4 seconds
• Coagulant forms hydroxide which has a larger
  physical structure.
• Mixing causes particles to collide and they begin
  to agglomerate.

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How Do Traditional Coagulants Work?

• When simple Aluminum (or Iron) salts are added to
  water, they produce a positively charged ion
• Al2(SO4)3 gtgtgtgtgtgt 2 Al3 3 SO42-
• The positive charge can destabilize the negative
  surface charge on suspended particles.

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How Do Traditional Coagulants remove TOC?

• Alum, for example, must be added until the pH
  falls into the range where the aluminum ion is
  soluble (lt 5) and then removes the organic acid
  through charge neutralization.
• Ferric chloride sometimes operates at pH lt 4.
• The problem is that the pH must be brought back
  up.

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Coagulation with PAC/ACH

• The charge neutralization with simple aluminum or
  iron coagulants happens very rapidly 10-4
  seconds.
• The Charge neutralization with PAC/ACH occurs
  over a much larger time frame giving more time
  for the higher charge to destabilize the
  particles

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Polyaluminum Coagulants

• The complex structure of Polyaluminum Chlorides
  are stable in water in the pH range where
  aluminum typically forms aluminum hydroxide.
• The charge on the complex is then available for
  direct interaction with the surface charges on
  the particles.
• The structure of the complex remains as part of
  the floc, forming a smaller but denser floc than
  aluminum hydroxide.

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Steps in the Coagulation Process - Polyaluminum
Products

• Charge Neutralization - Positive Charge on
  Polyaluminum Complex eliminates negative charge
  on particles - Primary mechanism for reaction
• Polyaluminum Complex is bonded to the particle
  which helps to build floc mass though continued
  agglomeration
• Mixing causes particles to collide and they begin
  to agglomerate.

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Why ACH works more Effectively

• More of the higher charge actually goes to charge
  neutralization. This means less is required to
  remove solids.
• Also, in the case of TOC, a large drop in pH is
  not required because the aluminum stays soluble
  long enough to destabilize the organic acids.

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Key Benefits of Polyaluminum Coagulants

• LOWER DOSE - Higher Charge on Aluminum means less
  is needed.
• Typical reductions in aluminum dose are
• 30 - 60 for potable water, Higher for waste
  waters
• SLUDGE REDUCTION - Lower dosage translate to less
  sludge, Polyaluminum sludges are easier to
  dewater.
• LESS pH ADJUSTMENT REQUIRED - pH is impacted less
  than with traditional coagulants
• BETTER PERFORMANCE - Higher removal rates and
  wider working pH range

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• The new organic coagulant and flocculant
• TANFLOC

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TANFLOCVEGETABLE COAGULANT / FLOCCULANT
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TANFLOC

• Renewable resources ? Forest
• Without change the water characteristics
• Patented product and manufacturing process

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TANAC S.A.

• Base on South part of Brazil, since 1948 of
  producing vegetable tannin extract
• From 260 sq.km of land, 60 million renewable
  trees, the company export to 70 countries, in
  total 30,000 tons of Tannin extract and 500,000
  tons of woodchip per year.

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ENVIRONMENTAL CARE

• No effluent discharge
• Scrubbers in the Chaminees with close
  loop/cycle
• Filtration / separation of ash
• Spent bark fuels the boiler (energy
  conservation)
• Excess residues ash spent bark organic
  fertilizer

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TANNIN
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TANNIN

• Hoverth ( 1981) gave one of the most
  satisfactory definitions of tannin
• Any phenolic compound of sufficiently high
  molecular weight containing sufficiently
  hydroxyls and other suitable group ( i.e.
  carboxyl ) to form effectively strong complexes
  with protein and other macromolecules under the
  particular environmental condition being studies
  
• Tannin can complex with Proteins, Starch,
  Cellulose, and Minerals.

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TANNIN
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TANFLOC
Characteristics
Organic Cationic Vegetable Polymer Non toxic,
Low molecular weight Easy solution Biodegradable C
onsumed on the sludge Does not change the pH Act
on a wide pH range
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TANFLOC
Characteristics

• In colloidal systems, Tanfloc neutralises
  charges, unstabilizing them, producing flocculant
  and causing their sedimentation
• Tanfloc chelates matellic ions dissolved in the
  water thus helping to reduce he mediums degree
  of conductivity

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TANFLOC
Tanfloc can be used as the primary coagulant or
as an auxiliary flocculation agent , being
compatible with most of products sold on the
market for this purpose
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TANFLOC Quaternary ammonium tannate monomer
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TANFLOC Quaternary ammonium tannate polymerized
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TANFLOC
Chelating characteristic
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TANFLOC
Chelating characteristic
R
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TANFLOC- Flocs Form An irregular form ,
presenting a larger surface area than other
flocculants with round flocs. This enable more
efficient clarification with minor turbidity in
final treated water
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TANFLOC - Sedimentation

• Up to the floc size proportionally, small flocs
  result slower but more efficient clarification
  and obtained when dosage is too low.
• Large floc always faster rate but clarifiction is
  not always satisfactory because of reduced
  surface area contact.
• Formation of medium size flocs provides the
  optimum rate of sedimentation and clarification
  efficiency

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TANFLOC - Sludge

• The sludge generate from water treatment with
  TANFLOC is organic and is not of environmental
  concern like Aluminum based flocculants. TANFLOC
  sludge can therefore be used as an agricultural
  organic compost.

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TANFLOC - Chlorinating

• Base on organic product of vegetable origin, the
  use of chlorine should be restricted to the final
  stage of water treatment after sedimentation.
• In contact with Chlorine will reduce its
  efficiency and result of formation of undesirable
  chlorination by- products

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TANFLOC - Main Fields

• Waste water
• Petrochemicals
• Metalurgical
• Mining
• Foods
• Pulp and paper
• Drinking water

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TANFLOC
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TANFLOC
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ENVIRONMENTAL CARE ISO 14001
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Behn Meyer Techno-Chemicals(T) Co.,ltd.189 Moo 6
Bangkok-Chonburi( New highway)Rd. Tabyao,
Ladkrabang, Bangkok , THAILAND 10520tel. 0 2327
9800fax [phone]
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