????

1
????µe?? ?a??s???eta ?????, ? d??µ?? t??
µ?????t??

• ?a?e??? ?as??e???
• 10? e??µ???
• S???? ?.?.F.?
• Seµ?????? F?s????
• ?p?ß??p?? ?a????t?? ?.???t??

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?? e??a? ta p???µe???
monomers
Polymer
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??sa???? sta p???µe?? ?a??s???eta

• ???s? filler se p???µe?? s?st?µata
• ?d??t?te? p???µe??? ?a??s???et?? e?a?t??ta? ap?
  t?? µ??f?????a t?? ??????
• ????? 90 ? Toyota ???s?µ?p???se Nylon6
  ?a??s???eta ,ße?t??s? ?e?µ???? ?a? µ??a?????
  ?d??t?t??
• ?µ?sp??d?a?? ???µat?d?t?s? ?a??te???????a? (464
  e?at?µµ???a t? 2001 ?a? 982 e?at?µµ???a t? 2005
  e?? t? 2006 ? p???p?????sµ?? ?ta? 1.052 e?.)

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Background Info I

• ?e???? ep?f??e?a ta ????? st? ?a?????µa?a
• ?a????µ?s? ?????? ap? t?? ?e?µet??a
  t???(nanoparticles, layered, ???d?)

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Background Info II

• ??? e?d? d?µ?? (pa?eµß?????, ap?f????µ???)
• ? ??e??a ??a ?a??st???e?a e??a? e??e?a ?a?
  ?a??pte? ??a e??? f?sµa pe??????

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S?µßat???? S???ete? ?e?????? ?atas?e???

• ?? ?????te?e? µ???d?? epe?e??as?a? t?? p???µe???
  ?a??s???et?? e??a?
• Wet lay-up
• Pultrusion
• RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)
• VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding)
• Autoclave processing
• Filament winding
• Fiber placement

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?e?????? ?a?a?t???sµ?? ?a??s???et??

• WAXD (wide-angle X-ray diffraction)
• SEM (scanning electron microscopy)
• TEM (transmission electron microscopy)
• SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering)

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Nanoplatelet-e??s??µ??a s?st?µata

• Silicate clay minerals ( hectorite, saponite,
  montmorillonite (MMT) )
• Graphite (NFG) (pa??µ??a ?e?µet??a ,???sµ??a
  µ???a ? ???ta pa?eµß?????ta? a??µesa sta st??µata
  t?? ??af?t? µe ap?t??esµa t? d??st?µa t??
  ep?fa?e??? ?a µe?a???e?, µe ???µa?s? t?? ???s??
  pa?eµß???? d?µ?????e?ta? expanded ??af?t?? (EG)
  ?a? pa?at??e?ta? a???s? t?? ?????)

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Micrograph (TEM) of the morphologyof
montmorillonite (clay)
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??µ? ?a? ?d??t?te? (Organically Modified Clay
Platelets)

• PLS ?a??s???eta
• ??d??µes? st??µa ? gallery
• ??ta??a?? ???t?? µe ?at???ta
• ???pe? ? ?d??f??? ep?f??e?a ?a ???e? organophilic
  ??a ?a ??? ?a??s???et? ?????

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• ??a? d?s????? st???? t?? e?e???t?? e??a? ?
  ????sµ?? t?? tactoids ?ts? ?ste ?a ????µe ??a
  p?a?µat??? ?a??s???et?

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Nanoclay e??s??µ??a s???eta

• ?a??????? pa?eµß?????? p???µe??sµ?? p?e????t?µa
  e??a? t? fa???µe?? tethering p?? ep?t??pe? st??
  nanoclay ???a???? ??µ??? ??s?a ?a s??de?e? µe
  Nylon6 p???µe?e?? a??s?de? (efa?µ????
  ?e?µ?p?ast??? , Nylon-MMT ?a??s???eta)

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Nanoclay-e??s??µ??a s???eta

• ?p?f????s?-p??s??f?s? (?atas?e?? clay
  ?a??s???et??, Toyota-pa?a???? PI ?a??s???et??)
• Melt intercalation (?e?µ?p?ast??? ?a??s???eta)

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?p?f????s? ?a??s???et??

• ????? ?µ??????e?a f?s??
• G?a ????? ßa?µ? ap?f????s?? ?aµß????µe ?p????
  pa?????te? ?p?? t? ???de?, µ???? a??s?da?, d?µ?
  a???????
• ??e???t???? e??as?e? ap? Park, Jiankun, Tolle ?a?
  Anderson, Kormann, Pinnavaia
• G?a ?e?µ?p?ast??? p???µe?? ?a??s???eta ??e??e?
  ????a? ap? Ahn
• ??? ap?f????s? t?? ?a??s???et?? ??af?t? µe??t?sa?
  ?? Shioyama ,Foukousima

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?d??t?te? ?a? ?fa?µ????

• Toyota, e??ast???? e?e???? ?µe????????? st?at??,
  Koo ?a? Pilato
• Hussain (???s?µ?p???se RTM), Fielding
• ?fa?µ???? Chevrolet, General Motors, Honda,
  Mitsubishi, e?e???t?? t?? NASA, Honeywell

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Nanoplatelet- ??af?t? ?a??s???eta

• ?e ???s? ??af?t? t? p???µe??? ???eta? ap?
  µ???t??, ?µ?a?????
• ?e??te? ap? Yasmin, Foukousima

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Nanotube-e??s??µ??a s?st?µata ????a?a(??µ? ?a?
?d??t?te? CNTs)

• 2 d?µ??
• 3 d?af??et???? µ??f?????e?

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S???es? CNTs

• CVD (chemical vapor deposition)
• Direct-arc discharge
• laser ablation

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?pe?e??as?a CNTs ??asp??? ?a? e??????µµ?s?

• ? d?asp??? t?? SWNTs ?a? MWNTs se µ?a p???µe??
  µ?t?a e??a? ap? t?? µe?a??te?e? p?????se?? µ????
  s?µe?a
• ?a SWNTs ?e?????ta? ?? ?? µe????t???? e??s??se??
  ??a ta p???µe?? ?a??s???eta t?? ep?µe??? ?e????.

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?d??t?te? ?a? ?fa?µ????

• ?e??t? p??? st?? e?s?µ?t?s? CNTs sta ?µ??fa
  e???asta ????? (PMMA) ?a? ta ?µ????sta?????
  p???µe?? (PP)
• WAXD ?de??e d?µ???? ???sta?????? a??a???
• TEM ?a? SEM e????e? ?de??a? ?a?? d?as???p?s? ?a?
  p??sa?at???sµ? t?? CNTs
• ?fa?µ???? ap? t??? Ren ?a? ODonell,Sprong
  (Boeing, Airbus µe carbon nanotube reinforced
  polymer (CNRP))

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Nanofiber-e??s??µ??a s?st?µata (CNF)

• ???a? µ?a µ??f? ???? ????a?a p?? ?a??pt??? t?
  ?e?? µeta?? t?? ?d??t?t?? t?? s?µßat???? ???? ?a?
  t?? CNTs
• ??µ? sa? MWNTs ( pe????µµ???? ????? ?????? st?
  ???t??)
• Catalytic CVD

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?pe?e??as?a, ?d??t?te? ?a? ?fa?µ????

• ?e???µata ap? Tandon, Glasgow, Finegal, Koo

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???a ?a??s???eta s?st?µata (a????a?a p???µe??
?a??s???eta)

• ? p??et??µas?a ??a ta a????a?a ?a??s???eta
  ???eta? µe ??a? ?s???? ?µ???p????? ??µ??? desµ?
• ????d?? epe?e??as?a? ?a??????? p???µe??sµ??
• ????? pa???s??se? ße?t??µ??e? ?d??t?te? ?ste?a
  ap? µe??te? p?? ????? ???e? ap? Jiang, Chen, Ma,
  Zhang

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??????se? p?????se?? st?? epe?e??as?a ?a? st??
?atas?e?? t?? p???µe??? ?a??s???et??

• ?????? p?????se??
• Se ?e????? ??aµµ?? ?p?????? e??e??e?? se µe??d???
  ?a?a?t???sµ??, ?a? st?? ?p?d?µ?
• ??????s? ?a??te???????a? ??e???eta? e?pa?de?s?
  ep?st?µ????, µ??a????? ?a? a?ad?µa????
• ??? µe???a ???ta p??ß??µata µ???? t??a

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??e?a ?a? pe??ßa????t???? ep?d??se??

• ?? National Institute for Occupational Safety
  and Health (NIOSH) ?p??????e? ?t? t? 42 t??
  aµe???a????? e??at???? d??aµ???? d?at???e?
  ???d??? de?µ???? ???es?? se ep????d??a ?????
• ? Shvedova ?de??e ?t? ? ???es? ??tt???? se CNT
  ep?ta???e? t?? ??e?d?t??? t?s? ?a? µe???e? t??
  s??????? a?t???e?d?t??? d??s? ?a??? ?a? t??
  ß?taµ??? ?

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?e????t??? ????pt???

• ???s?µa ??t?µata pa?aµ?????
• ???d?asp?s?µa ?a??s???eta e??a? ?p?s??µe?a
  µe????t??? ?????

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??ß?????af?a

• Review article Polymer-matrix Nanocomposites,
  Processing, Manufacturing, and Application An
  Overview (FARZANA HUSSAIN, MASAMI OKAMOTO,
  RUSSELL E. GORGA
• Advances in Polymer-Filler Composites Macro to
  Nano (Sudip Ray and Allan J. Easteal)
• Polymer-Silicate Nanocomposites Model Systems
  for Confined Polymers and Polymer Brushes (E. P.
  Giannelis R. Krishnamoorti E. Manias)
• Polymer Nanocomposites A Small Part of the Story
  (L.S. Schadler, L.C. Brinson, and W.G. Sawyer)