Principles of Clinical Pathology

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Principles of Clinical Pathology

• Why do we Need to Study General Medical Issues?

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Why General Medical?

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Definitions

• 1. Pathology
• 2. Pathogenesis
• 3. Etiology

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More Definitions!

• 4. Signs
• 5. Symptoms
• 6. Diagnosis (Diagnostic reasoning)

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What do Athletic Trainers do?

• CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING!

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Where do we start?

• How does this Evaluation differ from an
  Orthopaedic Evaluation?

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Medical History

• Chief Complaint
• Present History
• Past History
• Family History

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Medical History cont.

• Social History
• Review of Systems
• Information from your Hx will direct your
  physical examination.

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Do General Medical Issues Present the Same as
Orthopaedic Injuries?
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PAIN

• Musculoskeletal

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More Pain

• Systemic Pain
• Neurogenic
• Vascular
• Psycho-emotional

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Still Painful

• Referred Pain
• Visceral Pain
• Cutaneous
• Deep Somatic

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Evaluating the Seriousness of the Condition

• 1. Vitals
• 2. Brain stem function (CN)
• 3. Signs of endocrine/neurological disorder
• 4. Daily function changes

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RED FLAGS

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The Key

• Symptoms not well localized, have no injury
  associated with onset, have been worsening, and
  are unaffected by standard treatments are ALL not
  likely to be caused by musculoskeletal conditions!

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After History,

• Comes the Physical Examination

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Physical Examination

• Inspection Looking for Classic Signs
• Vitals
• Percussions/palpations

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Physical Examination Cont.

• Auscultations
• Smell
• Neurological

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Summary

• Why study general medical issues as an athletic
  trainer?
• General medical history
• General medical physical examination