Challenges and Changes in the Movement

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Challenges and Changes in the Movement
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African Americans Seek Greater Equality

• In the North, African Americans faced De Facto
  segregation
• Segregation that exists through practice and
  custom
• It was much harder to eliminate de facto
  segregation because it requires that people
  change their attitude.
• As more African Americans moved to the cities, it
  created the white flight, or whites moved to
  surrounding suburbs.

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Violence Erupts

• Watts Riots
• 34 people were killed and hundreds of millions of
  dollars worth of property were destroyed.

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Malcolm X

• If you think we are here to tell you to love the
  white man, you have come to the wrong place!
• Born Malcolm Little
• Went to Jail for burglary at age 20
• In jail, Malcolm X, studied the teaching of
  Elijah Muhammed who was the head of the Nation of
  Islam.

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Malcolm X

• Changed his name to Malcolm X (dropping what he
  called his slave name)
• He preached that whites were the cause of the
  black condition and that blacks should separate
  from white society.
• He called for armed self defense which frightened
  whites and many moderate African Americans.

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Black Power

• Stokely Carmichael, leader of SNCC, began to
  state that Black people should begin to define
  their own goals
• MLK Jr urged him to stop because it would
  antagonize whites and provoke African Americans
  to turn to violence.

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Black Panthers

• New Political Party founded by Huey Newton and
  Bobby Seale.
• Wanted to fight police brutality in the ghetto.
• Wanted African Americans to be exempt from
  military service because of the unfair numbers of
  black youths that had been drafted to serve in
  Vietnam.
• Dressed in black leather jackets, black berets,
  and sunglasses.
• Established daycare centers, breakfast programs,
  medical clinics, and assistance to homeless.

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