International Organization for Migration

1

• International Organization for Migration

Human Trafficking and Statistics The State of
the Art
Heikki Mattila, Research and Publications
Division IOM Geneva, Switzerland
2
Forms of Trafficking in Persons

• Sexual Exploitation
• Forced Labour - Sweatshops
• Marriages
• Children - Domestic Work
• Begging
• Textile Workshops
• Mining
• Agriculture
• Fishing
• Camel Racing
• Adoptions
• Organ Removals

3
Global Estimates

• U.S. State Department, Trafficking in Persons
  Report 2004 600,000 800,000 men, women and
  children trafficked yearly
• European Commission 2001 120,000 people
  trafficked into EU each year
• Organisation for Security and Co-operation in
  Europe (OSCE) 2000 200,000 women and children
  trafficked to OSCE countries each year
• ILO 2002 1.2 million children trafficked
  worldwide

4
Definition
Trafficking in persons shall mean the
recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring
or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or
use of force or other forms of coercion, of
abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse
of power or of a position of vulnerability or of
the giving or receiving of payments or benefits
to achieve the consent of a person having control
over another person, for the purpose of
exploitation.  Exploitation shall include, at a
minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation,
forced labour or services, slavery or practices
similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of
organs
5
Issues Areas

• Security
• Globalization
• Labour Markets
• Human Rights
• Health

• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Governance
• Gender Equality
• Crime
• Migration

6
Types of Data

• Indicators Numbers of victims
• Routes Profiles Modi Operandi of traffickers
• Profiles of victims

7
Current Data Collection

• Authorities Social, Police, Immigration,
  Judiciary
• Administrative data on assisted victims
• NGOs IGOs Assisted cases
• Research Samples

8
Obstacles

• Clandestine Phenomenon
• Access to victims difficult
• Reluctance of victims to report
• Many players fragmentary datasets
• Difficult to distinguish in practice from
  smuggling, other exploitation, other prostitution
• Taboos
• No capacity nor tasking to collect data
• Comparability Differing Divisions of Labour
• Comparability No systematic exchange of
  information between agencies countries

9
UNODC Database

• Sources Statistics, Research, NGOs, Media
• 500 Sources, 4,500 cases
• Type of Trafficking Countries Profiles of
  Victims and Offenders Prosecution Statistics
• Country of Origin Ukraine, Russia, Nigeria,
  Albania, Romania
• Country of Destination US, EU, Japan Asia CEEC,
  Africa
• Victims 83 women, 4 men, 48 children
• Type of Exploitation 92 sexual exploitation
• 21 forced labour

10
IOM Database

• Results as of July 2004
• 2791 victims
• 35 nationalities
• 7 top nationalities Mol,Rom,Ukr,Bel,Bul,DomRep,Ru
  s
• Age 13 under 18 years/ 72 under 24/ 90 under
  30
• 50 worked
• 45 earned less than 50/month
• 57 earned less than 100/month
• 10 are married, 17 divorced or separated, 61
  single
• Single mothers Mold 26.50, Ukr. 32.3,
  Dom.Rep. 72.90
• 46 of all known recruiters are females

11
Suggestions

• Better analysis of existing data
• Better identification of indicators
• Assistance capacity building for more
  systematic data collection
• Guidelines for harmonization
• National coordinators
• Regional coordination