Judaism and Christianity

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Judaism and Christianity
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Q Where did Judaism and Christianity begin?A
In present day Israel (in the Middle East)
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Judaism
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Founders of Judaism

• Abraham and Moses
• Around 2000 B.C.E.

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Abraham

• Abraham lived around 2000 B.C.E in a city called
  Ur in Mesopotamia (now Iraq). In Abrahams time
  people worshipped many gods. Abraham, however,
  believed in one god, called Yahweh.
• Abraham and his wife Sarah went to Canaan (now
  Israel). Yahweh made a covenant (agreement) with
  him, Abraham would have many descendants who
  would live in Canaan (which they called the
  Promised Land) if Abraham remained faithful to
  Yahweh.

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Yahwehs Covenant With His People

• The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible are called
  the Torah.
• The most sacred text in the Jewish religious
  tradition.

The Torah
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• All the people who have descended from Abraham
  through his son Isaac are known as Jews (after
  one of Abrahams great-grandsons, Judah).
• Jewish people are also sometimes known as
  Israelites or Children of Israel, after Abrahams
  grandson.
• Traditionally, everyone born of a Jewish mother
  is a Jew, whether they actively participate in
  the religion or not.

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Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
Muslim Jewish
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Moses

• The Jewish people did not live in their Promised
  Land forever, as they had hoped.
• Around 1300 B.C.E. they had to move to Egypt in
  search of food during a time of famine.
• There they became slaves of the Egyptian Pharaoh.
• They were freed by a Jewish man named Moses, and
  again headed back towards the Promised Land (Book
  of Exodus in the Bible).
• Yahweh gave Moses his commandments on top of
  Mount Sinai.
• They finally arrived and settled in Canaan,
  building a temple in which to worship Yahweh in
  the city of Jerusalem.

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Moses and the 10 Commandments
A new covenant with Yahweh
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Before
Now
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King Davids Empire
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Solomons Kingdom
Solomon was Davids son
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Kingdoms of Judah Israel
Solomons kingdom split into two!
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History

• Begins with stories of Abraham Moses (led
  Hebrews out of Egypt to promised land of
  Israel)
• David founded the kingdom of Israel
• Kingdom became powerful until conquered by
  Babylonians (Jews sent into exile)
• Return to kingdom, but ruled by foreign
  armies/empires for thousands of years

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Well Known Stories of Judaism

• Exodus - escape from Egypt
• Abraham and Isaac
• David and Goliath

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Basic Beliefs

• Monotheistic belief in one god
• God is ethical and good, takes care of people
• Need to follow Gods law and try to live a holy
  life
• Ten Commandments
• Rituals Circumcision (outward sign of a mans
  participation with Gods covenant, Bar Mitzvah
  (boys - age 13)/Bat Mitzvah (girls - age 12),
  prayer
• Religious leaders rabbis

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Torah is written in Hebrew
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Symbols of Judaism
Star of David Menorah
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Synagogue where Jews worship
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Holy Sites

• Jerusalem
• Western (Wailing) Wall (site of Solomons Temple)

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The Temple Mount in Jerusalem Today
Solomons Temple Wall The Western Wall
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How did the Romans treat Jews?

• Jews refused to worship Roman gods.
• At first the Romans didnt make the Jews worship
  Roman gods, but did make the Jews pay taxes
  instead. They still had to follow Roman rule.
• By 66 C.E. Jewish discontent with Roman rule
  resulted in rebellion.
• Roman forces captured Jerusalem and destroyed the
  Jewish temple. Growing numbers of Jews left Judea.

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The Jewish Diaspora By the end of the first
century BCE, Rome had taken over the eastern
Mediterranean and the Jewish population was
spread through many cities of the east. In the
third and fourth centuries CE there were
substantial Jewish settlements in most major
eastern cities and many western provinces as well.
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Christianity
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Founders of Christianity

• Jesus of Nazareth, Around 4 B.C.E. - 30 C.E.
• (Christians believe he is the son of God)
• Spread by Paul in 1st Century C.E.
• (Paul was a Jew who converted to
• Christianity)

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Miracles of Jesus
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Brief History

• Shares early history with Judaism (Torah 1st
  five books of Old Testament). Ten commandments.
• Life of Jesus Jewish carpenter preaches new
  message about God.
• New message (He is Son of God and through
  faith/forgiveness of sins one can reach heaven).
• Jesus crucified for his beliefs (about age
  33yrs).
• Message of Christianity spread throughout Roman
  Empire by Paul (New Testament letters).

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The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem
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Jesus Mission
Baptism
Agony in the Garden
Crucifixion
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St. Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
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The Spread of Christianity
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Basic Beliefs

• Monotheistic belief in one god
• Jesus is the Son of God, performed miracles (his
  birth, walk on water, water to wine, dead to
  life, etc.)
• Jesus died on behalf of sinners
• Holy Trinity God as Father, Son, Holy Spirit
• Man sins, he needs redemption. Jesus helps to
  forgive sins
• Get to heaven through forgiveness of sin
• Rituals Baptism, communion, prayer
• Priests - religious leaders

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Holy Trinity
Most Christians believe in a supreme God, who
came to earth in the person of Jesus Christ and
is active in the world as the Holy Spirit.
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Sacred Text

• Bible (includes Torah as first five books)
• Old Testament Jewish tradition and prophesy
• New Testament Jesus life and ministry

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How did the Romans treat Christians?

• Christians remained a small community under Roman
  rule and met in secret
• 50 C.E. - 300 C.E. Emperors tortured/persecuted
  Christians because they refused to make
  sacrifices to the emperor
• Christianity outlawed in Roman Empire
• Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
• Christianity eventually becomes official religion
  of Roman Empire!

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Symbols of Christianity
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• In spite of persecution, Christians grew in
  numbers rapidly. Christians actively looked for
  converts. They told others about the benefits of
  being Christian. Christians came from every walk
  of life in ancient Rome, but Christianity had
  great appeal to Rome's poor.  
• Life After Death Christianity promised life
  after death in heaven. In the Roman religion,
  only gods went to heaven. Emperors were
  considered gods. Everyone else went to the
  underworld. 
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• Equality Christianity promised equal
  opportunity. You could join Christianity and be
  equally a Christian. In the Roman Empire you had
  to be born into the nobility.
• After nearly 300 years of persecution, in 313 CE,
  Emperor Constantine ruled that Christianity was
  legal and that Christians would no longer be
  persecuted for their beliefs. This does not mean
  that Rome finally had religious freedom. It meant
  only that it was now legal to worship Roman gods
  or to be Christian. Every other religion was
  still illegal. The lack of religious freedom in
  ancient Rome contributed to the fall of the Roman
  Empire. 

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Holy Sites

• Bethlehem Birth of Jesus
• Site of crucifixion Jerusalem
• Christians worship in a church

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Christianity Today

• Today Christianity, which began as a branch of
  Judaism has more followers than any other
  religion in the world.
• Close to 2.1 billion people identify as Christian

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The Communities of the Gospels Historians'
approximations of the areas in which each of the
four New Testament gospels were used.
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Christians Today

• Christians have split up into many groups or
  sects of Christians.
• They all believe that Jesus Christ is their
  savior, but they disagree on how to honor him and
  the right way to practice their religion.
• Examples Catholics, Eastern Orthodox,
  Protestants, Baptists, Episcopalians, Lutherans,
  Jehovahs Witness, etc.

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The Spread of Christianity
http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/reli
gion/maps/christ.html
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Spread of Religions Map

• http//www.mapsofwar.com/images/Religion.swf