Goodheart-Willcox Publisher | Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design | Chapter 1

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PowerPoint Presentation
PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley
Park, Illinois
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Chapter 1

• The World of Architecture

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Chapter 1 Overview

• Introduction
• People and Their Structures
• Cape Colonials.
• New England Gambrel.
• Garrison.
• Salt Box.
• Southern Colonial.

(continued)
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Chapter 1 Overview

• Contemporary Structures
• Contemporary style.
• Ranch design.
• Trends in Architecture
• Multifamily Housing
• Cooperatives.
• Condominiums.
• Rental apartments.
• The Americans with Disabilities Act

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Learning Objectives

• Identify the historical influences that helped
  shape todays home designs.
• Recognize and describe the elements of
  contemporary dwellings.
• Discuss current trends and influences in
  architecture.
• Identify types of multifamily housing.

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Introduction

• The study of architecture encompasses
• A sensitivity to design.
• Skill in drawing techniques.
• A knowledge of materials.
• One of the major achievements of humankind is to
  design structures that bring lasting beauty.
• Good architecture is a rewarding experience for
  those who view it.

(continued)
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Introduction

• Some structures are designed for commercial and
  industrial use others are planned for private
  living.
• The emphasis of this course is on the design,
  architecture, and study of residential structures.

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Modern Residential Structure

• This computer-generated rendering shows a
  contemporary home that makes a strong statement
  through its interesting roof and prominent
  architectural lines.

(Helmuth Geiser, Member AIBD)
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Multifamily Dwelling

• This multifamily dwelling is reminiscent of an
  earlier architectural style.

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People and Their Structures

• Over the years, several architectural styles have
  been developed for house construction.
• Some structures were developed for a particular
  climate or family needs.
• Others were planned especially for luxurious
  living.

(continued)
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People and Their Structures

• This large, expensive home was designed for
  luxurious living with accommodations for an
  occasionally harsh environment.

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People and Their Structures

• Previous styles influence the design of todays
  homes.
• Some house styles took on names related to their
  shape, period of time, or area of the country
  where they were built.
• Some of these design qualities are imitated in
  modern homes.

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Cape Colonials

• The Cape Colonials were developed over 200 years
  ago.
• Cape Cod and Cape Ann.
• These traditional homes have influenced
  structural design ever since.
• People have enjoyed their aesthetic appeal and
  the comfortable, livable atmosphere they provide.

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Cape Cod Colonial

• The Cape Cod is one of the earliest and best
  known of the traditional Colonial styles.
• It was a fairly small house with a steep roof and
  little overhang.
• A chimney served the necessary room fireplaces.
• They were normally built as one- or
  one-and-one-half-story buildings.

(continued)
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Cape Cod Colonial

• Eaves line is near the top of the windows ending
  with a gable roof.
• Narrow trim lines and siding painted white or
  yellow.
• Shutters were generally used.
• Many variations of the Cape Cod are used in
  todays structures.

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Cape Cod Colonial

• This is a refined version of the traditional Cape
  Cod style.

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Cape Ann Colonial

• The Cape Ann is the other Colonial style that is
  used in modern construction.
• The chimney is centrally located and usually
  large.
• Tapering gambrel roof encloses an attic that is
  often converted to extra rooms.

(continued)
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Cape Ann Colonial

• Provides a house with simple lines, sound
  construction, and a colonial atmosphere.
• A good choice as a first home for a young growing
  family.
• Particularly attractive along a tree-shaded
  avenue or on a wooded lot.

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Cape Ann Colonial
(Western Wood Products Association)
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New England Gambrel

• The New England Gambrel is a variation of other
  colonial styles.
• Features the gambrel roof with a pitch change
  between the ridge and eaves.
• Inherently American and is used in most every
  section of the country.
• An advantage is the extra headroom and more
  usable space.

(continued)
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New England Gambrel

• The shorter rafter lengths can result in lower
  cost.
• There are many adaptations of this architectural
  style.
• Provides a pleasing and enduring home for todays
  families.

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New England Gambrel
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Garrison

• The Garrison is a traditional style house.
• Distinctive Features
• Overhanging second story.
• Separate corner posts on each floor.
• Economical framing.
• Extra space on second floor provided by the
  overhang.
• Steep pitch roof adds attic space.
• Narrow siding and traditional styling.

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Garrison
(Western Wood Products Association)
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Salt Box

• The Salt Box is an interesting and easily
  recognized Colonial style.
• Descendant of the Colonial half house.
• Long roofline gently slopes from the ridge to the
  eaves.
• The Salt Box gets its name from the shape of
  boxes found in Colonial stores.
• Accommodates lean-to structures to add more
  living space.

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Salt Box
(Western Wood Products Association)
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Southern Colonial

• The Southern Colonial is the most gracious of all
  the Colonials.
• Its style reflects the quaintness, warmth, and
  hospitality of the Old South.
• The outstanding architectural features include
• Front colonnade and giant portico.
• Usually massive with upper and lower balconies.

(continued)
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Southern Colonial

• Three-story chimneys for bedroom fireplaces.
• Ornate woodwork and iron trim.
• Roof over the driveway at the side entrance.
• Many of the features of the Southern Colonial may
  be adapted to create aesthetically pleasing
  qualities in new homes.

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Southern Colonial
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Contemporary Structures

• Influences of the past have had a profound effect
  on new home design.
• However, new materials, appliances, and modes of
  living have encouraged new architectural styles.
• The contemporary style of home has evolved from
  all of these inputs.

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Contemporary Style

• Multiple materials, coordinated lines, and
  intricate details give an architectural flair to
  this contemporary style home.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
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Contemporary Style

• Unique styling is featured in this contemporary
  residence. Notice the strong vertical lines and
  bold use of curved glass block.

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Contemporary Style

• This house represents a particular style of
  living and individuality through the unique
  treatment of space.

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Contemporary Style

• This attractive home makes use of wood siding
  with a natural finish combined with large areas
  of glass.

(AGSR Studios)
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Contemporary Style

• This home is designed for minimal maintenance
  through the use of vinyl siding and trim.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
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Contemporary Style

• Visible roof supports are part of a dominant
  design element in this house.

(Cultured Stone by Stucco Products, Inc.)
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Ranch Design

• The ranch design is a very popular architectural
  style.
• It is a long, low, one-story house style that was
  first built by ranchers in the southwestern US.
• Traditionally built on a concrete slab with no
  basement.

(continued)
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Ranch Design

• This rendering is of a ranch-style home with
  Spanish design influences.

(Ken Hawk)
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Ranch Design

• Over the years, ranch homes have taken on many
  new features.
• One- or two-car attached garages and basements
  have been added.
• Some ranch style homes have an L-shape layout to
  add interest.
• Skylights and cathedral ceilings are also found
  in modern ranch homes.

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Ranch Design

• This thoroughly modern ranch home exhibits
  architectural detail designed to set it apart
  from traditional ranch homes.

(Arthur Rutenberg Homes, Inc.)
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Ranch Design

• This home contains the basic elements of the
  ranch style, yet incorporates many contemporary
  architectural details.

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Trends in Architecture

• Todays architect has a freedom of design seldom
  known in the past.
• Some homes are designed for stately or dramatic
  effects.
• Others are styled for particular settings such
  hillsides, seashores, or cliffs.

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Trends in Architecture

• The stately appearance of this two-story home is
  achieved with the use of various building
  materials and interesting designs.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
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Trends in Architecture

• The complex layout of this home creates a
  dramatic effect.

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Trends in Architecture

• This residence was designed for a seashore
  setting.

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Trends in Architecture

• The roof design, use of glass, and structural
  materials of this residence are particularly
  suited for the arid climate.

(Cultured Stone by Stucco Stone Products, Inc.)
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Trends in Architecture

• Trends in architecture appear to moving toward
  dramatic, yet comfortable, living styles.
• Homes are being developed that complement the
  site, provide a feeling of openness, and retain
  privacy.

(continued)
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Trends in Architecture

• Attention to detail in every aspect of this home
  blended with a sense of unity produces a superb
  family residence.

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Trends in Architecture

• This house, reminiscent of traditional
  architectural design, fits comfortably on a small
  city lot.

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Trends in Architecture

• A current trend in architectural design that is
  receiving strong support is called postmodern
  architecture.
• This style combines traditional and
  contemporary influences that are strongly
  reminiscent of popular styles of the past.
• However, modern materials and building techniques
  are used.

(continued)
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Trends in Architecture

• An example of postmodern architecture that
  combines traditional and contemporary influences.

(Armstrong World Industries, Inc.)
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Trends in Architecture

• A postmodern structure strongly reminiscent of
  the Georgian era.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
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Trends in Architecture

• Another trend in residential architecture is the
  renovation of older homes.
• Many older homes are structurally solid and may
  be restored to their original beauty.
• With the addition of new systems and appliances,
  these homes can be very functional today.

(continued)
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Trends in Architecture

• A restored Victorian home that maintains the
  strong design influence of the past.

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Trends in Architecture

• Elements of Victorian architecture, as shown in
  this restored structure, still show elegance
  today.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
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Trends in Architecture

• An older home before renovation.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
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Trends in Architecture

• An older home after renovation.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
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Trends in Architecture

• Experimentation with new materials and design
  concepts continues to produce radically new
  structures.
• Earth-protected homes and dome homes are two
  categories.
• Earth-protected homes use earth to provide
  insulation.
• Dome homes use triangular sections to enclose a
  large interior space.

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Trends in Architecture

• Earth-protected homes require particular site
  characteristics to be successful.

(Jeff Burgin Builders)
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Trends in Architecture

• This dome home is constructed from triangular
  sections assembled on-site to produce the roof
  and walls of the structure.

(Linda Lindeman)
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Multifamily Housing

• Some types of housing accommodate more than one
  family unit and are called multifamily housing.
• Examples of multifamily housing include
• Cooperatives.
• Condominiums.
• Rental apartments.

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Cooperatives

• Refers to a type of ownership.
• Apartment ownership.
• Run as a corporation.
• Buyer purchases stock.
• Monthly fee.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie Siding Products)
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Condominiums

• Refers to a type of ownership.
• Owner receives a deed.
• Joint interest in shared property.
• Variety of building types available.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)
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Rental Apartments

• Most common type of rental.
• Advantages
• Variety.
• Conveniences.
• Availability.
• Disadvantages
• No control.
• No equity.
• High turnover.

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Americans with Disabilities Act

• The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became
  law on July 26, 1990.
• Discrimination against disabled persons is
  illegal in
• Employment.
• Public and private transportation.
• Access to public and commercial buildings.
• The ADA is not a building code, but a civil
  rights statute.

(continued)
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Americans with Disabilities Act

• Title III covers public accommodations.
• These include hotels and motels, restaurants and
  bars, theaters, shopping centers, professional
  offices, etc.
• Establishments affected by the ADA may be
  required to remove architectural and
  communication barriers by
• Installing ramps and curb cuts, widening doors,
  installing raised toilet seats, etc.

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Glossary

• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
• A law that makes it illegal to discriminate
  against disabled persons in the area of
  employment, transportation, and access to
  buildings.
• Apartment.
• A rental unit that is a part of a larger
  complex.
• Cape Ann.
• An early Colonial house with a central
  chimney, gambrel roof, and attic rooms.
• Cape Cod.
• One of the earliest and best known of the
  traditional Colonial styles.

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Glossary

• Condominium.
• Dwelling where owner buys an apartment and a
  share of the common ground.
• Contemporary (Modern).
• Modern styles not directly related to the
  styles of the past.
• Cooperative.
• An apartment building that is managed and run
  as a corporation.
• Garrison.
• A house style that has a distinguishing
  overhanging second story and narrow siding.

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Glossary

• New England Gambrel.
• Colonial style that includes a gambrel roof
  with pitch change between the ridge and eaves.
• Postmodern Architecture.
• Combines traditional and contemporary
  influences.
• Ranch.
• A long, low, one-story house that developed
  from the homes built by ranchers in the
  southwestern US.
• Salt Box.
• A Colonial style house patterned after early
  cracker, coffee, tea, and salt boxes.

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Glossary

• Southern Colonial.
• The largest and most gracious of all the
  Colonial styles, it features a front colonnade
  and giant portico.